Polities

Civilizations, janapadas, republics, kingdoms, empires, sultanates and colonial powers — 237 matches.

Name	Type	Span	Region	Capital	Rulers
Mehrgarh Cultural Tradition ★	Archaeological culture	c. 7,000–2,600 BCE	Northwest	Mehrgarh (Bolan Pass)
Early Harappan Cultures ↳ phase of Indus / Harappan Civilization	Archaeological culture	c. 3,300–2,600 BCE	Northwest
Indus / Harappan Civilization ★	Civilization	c. 3,300–1,300 BCE	Northwest	Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Dholavira
Ahar-Banas Culture ↳ part of Chalcolithic Cultures	Archaeological culture	c. 3,000–1,500 BCE	West	Ahar / Gilund
Chalcolithic Cultures	Archaeological culture	c. 3,000–700 BCE	Central
Neolithic Kashmir (Burzahom)	Archaeological culture	c. 3,000–1,500 BCE	North	Burzahom
South Indian Neolithic (Ash-mound cultures)	Archaeological culture	c. 3,000–1,200 BCE	South	Sanganakallu / Utnur
Mature Harappan Civilization ↳ phase of Indus / Harappan Civilization	Civilization	c. 2,600–1,900 BCE	Northwest
Ochre Coloured Pottery Culture	Archaeological culture	c. 2,000–1,500 BCE	Gangetic Plain
Late Harappan Cultures ↳ phase of Indus / Harappan Civilization	Archaeological culture	c. 1,900–1,300 BCE	Northwest
Malwa Culture ↳ part of Chalcolithic Cultures	Archaeological culture	c. 1,700–1,200 BCE	Central	Navdatoli
Early Vedic Communities ★	Tribal communities / janas	c. 1,500–1,000 BCE	Northwest	Sapta Sindhu
Jorwe Culture ↳ part of Chalcolithic Cultures	Archaeological culture	c. 1,500–900 BCE	Deccan	Inamgaon / Daimabad
Gandhara	Mahajanapada	c. 1,200–518 BCE	Northwest	Takshashila
Kuru	Mahajanapada	c. 1,200–350 BCE	North	Hastinapura / Indraprastha
Kosala	Mahajanapada	c. 1,100–460 BCE	Gangetic Plain	Shravasti / Ayodhya
Matsya	Mahajanapada	c. 1,100–350 BCE	West	Viratanagara
Panchala	Mahajanapada	c. 1,100–350 BCE	Gangetic Plain	Ahichchhatra / Kampilya
Videha	Kingdom	c. 1,100–600 BCE	East	Mithila
Avanti	Mahajanapada	c. 1,000–345 BCE	Central	Ujjayini / Mahishmati
Chedi	Mahajanapada	c. 1,000–300 BCE	Central	Suktimati
Kashi	Mahajanapada	c. 1,000–500 BCE	Gangetic Plain	Varanasi
Later Vedic Polities	Tribal communities / janas	c. 1,000–600 BCE	Gangetic Plain
Vatsa	Mahajanapada	c. 1,000–400 BCE	Gangetic Plain	Kaushambi
Kamboja	Mahajanapada	c. 800–330 BCE	Northwest	Rajapura
Surasena	Mahajanapada	c. 800–350 BCE	North	Mathura
Anga	Mahajanapada	c. 700–540 BCE	East	Champa
Assaka / Asmaka	Mahajanapada	c. 700–350 BCE	Deccan	Potali / Bodhan
Kalinga	Kingdom	c. 700–261 BCE	East	Tosali
Magadha ★	Mahajanapada	c. 700–321 BCE	East	Rajagriha, later Pataliputra
Koliya	Gana-sangha (republic)	c. 600–450 BCE	Gangetic Plain	Ramagrama
Licchavi ↳ part of Vajji / Vrijji Confederacy	Gana-sangha (republic)	c. 600–468 BCE	East	Vaishali
Malla	Gana-sangha (republic)	c. 600–400 BCE	Gangetic Plain	Kushinara / Pava
Moriya of Pipphalivana	Gana-sangha (republic)	c. 600–400 BCE	Gangetic Plain	Pipphalivana
Shakya	Gana-sangha (republic)	c. 600–480 BCE	Gangetic Plain	Kapilavastu
Vajji / Vrijji Confederacy	Confederacy	c. 600–468 BCE	East	Vaishali
Haryanka Dynasty ↳ phase of Magadha	Dynasty	c. 544–413 BCE	East	Rajagriha	3
Achaemenid Gandhara & Hindush	Foreign imperial province	c. 518–330 BCE	Northwest
Anuradhapura Kingdom ★	Kingdom	c. 437 BCE – c. 1017	Sri Lanka	Anuradhapura	8
Shishunaga Dynasty ↳ phase of Magadha	Dynasty	c. 413–345 BCE	East	Pataliputra / Vaishali	2
Early Pandyas (Sangam era)	Kingdom	c. 400 BCE – c. 300 CE	South	Madurai / Korkai	1
Nanda Dynasty ↳ phase of Magadha	Dynasty	c. 345–321 BCE	East	Pataliputra	2
Mauryan Empire ★	Empire	c. 321–185 BCE	Pan-Indian	Pataliputra	6
Seleucid Empire (Indian satrapies)	Foreign / northwestern kingdom	c. 312–303 BCE	Northwest
Early Cheras (Sangam era)	Kingdom	c. 300 BCE – c. 300 CE	South	Vanchi (Karur / Muziris)	1
Early Cholas (Sangam era)	Kingdom	c. 300 BCE – c. 300 CE	South	Uraiyur / Puhar	1
Sangam-era Tamil Chieftaincies (Velir)	Chiefdoms	c. 300 BCE – c. 300 CE	South
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom	Foreign / northwestern kingdom	c. 256–125 BCE	Northwest	Bactra
Indo-Greek Kingdoms	Foreign / northwestern kingdom	c. 200 BCE – c. 10 CE	Northwest	Sagala / Taxila	2
Mahameghavahana (Chedi) of Kalinga	Dynasty	c. 200 BCE – c. 50 CE	East	Kalinganagari	1