Polities
Civilizations, janapadas, republics, kingdoms, empires, sultanates and colonial powers — 237 matches.
| Name | Type | Span | Region | Capital | Rulers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Principality of Ruhuna | Kingdom | c. 200 BCE – c. 1070 | Sri Lanka | Mahagama (Tissamaharama) | |
| Satavahana Empire ★ | Empire | c. 200 BCE – c. 225 CE | Deccan | Pratishthana / Amaravati | 5 |
| Yaudheya Republic | Gana-sangha (republic) | c. 200 BCE – c. 350 CE | North | Rohitaka | |
| Shunga Dynasty | Dynasty | c. 185–73 BCE | Gangetic Plain | Pataliputra / Vidisha | 3 |
| Indo-Scythian (Saka) Kingdoms | Foreign / northwestern kingdom | c. 110 BCE – c. 80 CE | Northwest | Taxila / Mathura | 2 |
| Kanva Dynasty | Dynasty | c. 73–28 BCE | East | Pataliputra | 1 |
| Indo-Parthian Kingdom | Foreign / northwestern kingdom | c. 19 CE – c. 100 CE | Northwest | Taxila | 1 |
| Kushan Empire ★ | Empire | c. 30 CE – c. 375 CE | Northwest | Purushapura / Mathura | 6 |
| Western Kshatrapas | Dynasty | c. 35 CE – c. 415 CE | West | Ujjain / Bharukaccha | 2 |
| Ikshvakus of Vijayapuri | Dynasty | c. 225 CE – c. 340 CE | Deccan | Vijayapuri (Nagarjunakonda) | |
| Gupta Empire ★ | Empire | c. 240 CE – c. 550 CE | Gangetic Plain | Pataliputra / Ayodhya | 8 |
| Kalabhra Interregnum | Dynasty | c. 250 CE – c. 600 CE | South | ||
| Vakataka Dynasty | Dynasty | c. 250 CE – c. 500 CE | Deccan | Nandivardhana / Vatsagulma | 3 |
| Pallava Dynasty ★ | Dynasty | c. 275 CE – c. 897 CE | South | Kanchipuram | 6 |
| Kadamba Dynasty | Dynasty | c. 345 CE – c. 525 CE | South | Banavasi | 1 |
| Kamarupa | Kingdom | c. 350 CE – c. 1140 | Northeast | Pragjyotishpura | 1 |
| Western Ganga Dynasty | Dynasty | c. 350 CE – c. 1000 | South | Talakadu | |
| Licchavi Kingdom of Nepal | Kingdom | c. 400 CE – c. 750 CE | Himalaya | Kathmandu valley | 2 |
| Vishnukundina Dynasty | Dynasty | c. 420 CE – c. 624 CE | Deccan | Amarapura / Indrapalanagara | |
| Alchon Huns (Hunas) | Foreign / northwestern kingdom | c. 460 CE – c. 560 CE | Northwest | Sakala | 2 |
| Maitraka Dynasty | Dynasty | c. 475 CE – c. 776 CE | West | Valabhi | 1 |
| Rai Dynasty of Sindh | Dynasty | c. 489 CE – c. 632 CE | Northwest | Aror | |
| Later Guptas of Magadha | Dynasty | c. 490 CE – c. 750 CE | East | Magadha | |
| Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) Dynasty ★ | Dynasty | c. 500 CE – c. 647 CE | North | Thanesar, later Kannauj | 3 |
| Chalukyas of Badami ★ | Dynasty | c. 543 CE – c. 753 CE | Deccan | Vatapi (Badami) | 7 |
| Maukhari Dynasty | Dynasty | c. 550 CE – c. 606 CE | Gangetic Plain | Kannauj | |
| Gauda Kingdom (Shashanka) | Kingdom | c. 590 CE – c. 626 CE | East | Karnasuvarna | 1 |
| Pandya Kingdom (First Empire) | Kingdom | c. 590 CE – c. 920 CE | South | Madurai | |
| Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi | Dynasty | c. 624 CE – c. 1075 | Deccan | Vengi | |
| Karkota Dynasty of Kashmir | Dynasty | c. 625 CE – c. 855 CE | North | Parihasapura / Srinagar | 1 |
| Brahmin Dynasty of Sindh (Chach) | Dynasty | c. 632 CE – c. 712 CE | Northwest | Aror | 2 |
| Chahamanas (Chauhans) of Shakambhari ★ | Dynasty | c. 650 CE – c. 1194 | West | Shakambhari / Ajmer | 2 |
| Turk Shahis | Dynasty | c. 665 CE – c. 822 CE | Northwest | Kabul | |
| Kalachuris of Tripuri | Dynasty | c. 675 CE – 1212 | Central | Tripuri | 1 |
| Umayyad Caliphate — Sindh province | Caliphate province | c. 712 CE – c. 750 CE | Northwest | Aror / Mansura | 1 |
| Guhilas of Medapata | Dynasty | c. 728 CE – 1303 | West | Nagda / Chittor | |
| Gurjara-Pratihara Empire ★ | Empire | c. 730 CE – c. 1036 | North | Kannauj (from c. 816) | 5 |
| Tomaras of Delhi | Dynasty | c. 736 CE – c. 1152 | North | Dhillika (Delhi) | 1 |
| Abbasid Caliphate — Sindh province | Caliphate province | c. 750 CE – c. 854 CE | Northwest | Mansura | |
| Pala Empire ★ | Empire | c. 750 CE – c. 1161 | East | Gauda / Pataliputra / Monghyr | 5 |
| Thakuri Kingdom of Nepal | Kingdom | c. 750 CE – 1200 | Himalaya | Kathmandu valley | |
| Rashtrakuta Empire ★ | Empire | c. 753 CE – c. 982 CE | Deccan | Manyakheta | 6 |
| Chera Perumals of Makotai | Kingdom | c. 800 CE – c. 1124 | South | Mahodayapuram | |
| Paramara Dynasty | Dynasty | c. 800 CE – 1305 | Central | Dhara (Dhar) | 2 |
| Hindu Shahis | Dynasty | c. 822 CE – c. 1026 | Northwest | Udabhandapura (Hund) | 2 |
| Chandela Dynasty | Dynasty | c. 831 CE – 1315 | Central | Khajuraho / Mahoba | 4 |
| Chola Empire ★ | Empire | c. 848 CE – 1279 | South | Thanjavur / Gangaikonda Cholapuram | 7 |
| Habbarid Emirate | Dynasty | c. 854 CE – c. 1011 | Northwest | Mansura | |
| Emirate of Multan | Dynasty | c. 855 CE – c. 1010 | Northwest | Multan | |
| Utpala Dynasty of Kashmir | Dynasty | c. 855 CE – c. 1003 | North | Avantipura |