Polities
Civilizations, janapadas, republics, kingdoms, empires, sultanates and colonial powers — 237 matches.
| Name | Type | Span | Region | Capital | Rulers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kingdom of Kotte | Kingdom | 1412 – 1597 | Sri Lanka | Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte | 1 |
|
Sayyid Dynasty ↳ phase of Delhi Sultanate |
Dynasty | 1414 – 1451 | North | Delhi | 2 |
| Gajapati Kingdom | Kingdom | 1434 – 1541 | East | Cuttack | 2 |
|
Lodi Dynasty ↳ phase of Delhi Sultanate |
Dynasty | 1451 – 1526 | North | Delhi | 3 |
| Bikaner State | Kingdom | 1465 – 1949 | West | Bikaner | |
| Kingdom of Kandy ★ | Kingdom | c. 1469 – 1815 | Sri Lanka | Senkadagala (Kandy) | 3 |
|
Bhaktapur ↳ part of Malla Dynasty of Nepal |
Kingdom | 1482 – 1769 | Himalaya | Bhaktapur | |
|
Kantipur (Kathmandu) ↳ part of Malla Dynasty of Nepal |
Kingdom | 1482 – 1769 | Himalaya | Kantipur (Kathmandu) | 2 |
|
Lalitpur (Patan) ↳ part of Malla Dynasty of Nepal |
Kingdom | 1482 – 1769 | Himalaya | Lalitpur (Patan) | |
|
Saluva Dynasty ↳ phase of Vijayanagara Empire |
Dynasty | 1485 – 1505 | South | 1 | |
| Ahmadnagar Sultanate (Nizam Shahi) | Sultanate | 1490 – 1636 | Deccan | Ahmadnagar | 3 |
| Berar Sultanate (Imad Shahi) | Sultanate | 1490 – 1574 | Deccan | Ellichpur | |
| Bijapur Sultanate (Adil Shahi) | Sultanate | 1490 – 1686 | Deccan | Bijapur | 3 |
| Bidar Sultanate (Barid Shahi) | Sultanate | 1492 – 1619 | Deccan | Bidar | |
| Keladi Nayakas (Ikkeri) | Kingdom | 1499 – 1763 | South | Ikkeri / Bednur | |
| Safavid Empire (eastern provinces) | Foreign / northwestern kingdom | 1501 – 1736 | Northwest | Herat | |
|
Portuguese Cochin ↳ part of Portuguese Estado da Índia |
Colonial settlement | 1503 – 1663 | Coastal | ||
| Portuguese Estado da Índia ★ | Colonial power | 1505 – 1961 | Coastal | Goa (from 1530) | 1 |
|
Tuluva Dynasty ↳ phase of Vijayanagara Empire |
Dynasty | 1505 – 1570 | South | 4 | |
| Koch Kingdom (Kamata / Cooch Behar) | Kingdom | 1515 – 1949 | Northeast | Kamatapur / Cooch Behar | 2 |
| Golconda Sultanate (Qutb Shahi) | Sultanate | 1518 – 1687 | Deccan | Golconda / Hyderabad | 3 |
| Kingdom of Sitawaka | Kingdom | 1521 – 1594 | Sri Lanka | Sitawaka | 1 |
| Mughal Empire ★ | Empire | 1526 – 1857 | North | Agra / Fatehpur Sikri / Delhi (Shahjahanabad) | 13 |
| Madurai Nayaks | Kingdom | 1529 – 1736 | South | Madurai / Tiruchirappalli | |
| Thanjavur Nayaks | Kingdom | 1532 – 1673 | South | Thanjavur | |
|
Portuguese Bassein & Bombay ↳ part of Portuguese Estado da Índia |
Colonial settlement | 1534 – 1739 | Coastal | ||
|
Portuguese Diu ↳ part of Portuguese Estado da Índia |
Colonial settlement | 1535 – 1961 | Coastal | ||
| Sur Empire ★ | Empire | 1540 – 1556 | North | Delhi / Sasaram | 3 |
|
Portuguese Malé ↳ part of Portuguese Estado da Índia |
Colonial settlement | 1558 – 1573 | Islands | Malé | |
| Gorkha Kingdom | Kingdom | 1559 – 1768 | Himalaya | Gorkha | 2 |
|
Portuguese Daman ↳ part of Portuguese Estado da Índia |
Colonial settlement | 1559 – 1961 | Coastal | ||
|
Aravidu Dynasty ↳ phase of Vijayanagara Empire |
Dynasty | 1570 – 1646 | South | 3 | |
|
Portuguese Hooghly ↳ part of Portuguese Estado da Índia |
Colonial settlement | 1579 – 1632 | Coastal | ||
|
Portuguese Ceylon ↳ part of Portuguese Estado da Índia |
Colonial settlement | 1597 – 1658 | Sri Lanka | Colombo | |
| British East India Company ★ | Colonial power | 1600 – 1858 | Pan-Indian | Surat, then Madras / Bombay / Calcutta | 9 |
| Dutch East India Company (VOC) in India | Colonial power | 1605 – 1825 | Coastal | Pulicat, later Nagapattinam | |
|
Dutch Coromandel (Pulicat) ↳ part of Dutch East India Company (VOC) in India |
Colonial settlement | 1610 – 1825 | Coastal | ||
| Bhutan under the Zhabdrung (Druk Desi) | Theocratic state | 1616 – 1907 | Himalaya | Punakha | 1 |
| Danish India | Colonial power | 1620 – 1869 | Coastal | Tranquebar | |
|
Danish Tranquebar ↳ part of Danish India |
Colonial settlement | 1620 – 1845 | Coastal | ||
|
Fort St George, Madras ↳ part of British East India Company |
Colonial settlement | 1639 – 1858 | Coastal | ||
| Kingdom of Sikkim | Kingdom | 1642 – 1975 | Northeast | Yuksom, later Gangtok | |
|
Dutch Chinsurah ↳ part of Dutch East India Company (VOC) in India |
Colonial settlement | 1656 – 1825 | Coastal | ||
|
Dutch Ceylon ↳ part of Dutch East India Company (VOC) in India |
Colonial settlement | 1658 – 1796 | Sri Lanka | Colombo | |
|
Dutch Malabar (Cochin) ↳ part of Dutch East India Company (VOC) in India |
Colonial settlement | 1663 – 1795 | Coastal | ||
|
Bombay (English East India Company) ↳ part of British East India Company |
Colonial settlement | 1668 – 1858 | Coastal | ||
| French India | Colonial power | 1668 – 1954 | Coastal | Pondichéry | 1 |
|
Chandernagore ↳ part of French India |
Colonial settlement | 1673 – 1950 | Coastal | ||
| Maratha Empire ★ | Empire | 1674 – 1818 | Deccan | Raigad, later Satara / Pune | 9 |
|
Pondichéry ↳ part of French India |
Colonial settlement | 1674 – 1954 | Coastal |