Textbook
Our Pasts I, II & III (Classes 6–8)
The simplest possible start: short, illustrated and the base of countless exam questions.
Kashi
Mahajanapada
Level 2
c. 1,000–500 BCE
Kingdom of Varanasi, contested between Kosala and Magadha.
- Capital
- Varanasi
- Region
- Gangetic Plain
- Duration
- 500 years
- Main period
- Mahajanapadas
Approximate extent.
📚 Recommended reading on the Kashi
Textbook
Themes in Indian History, Parts I–III (Class 12)
Source-based chapters on Harappa, Vijayanagara, the Mughal court and 1857 — essential for UPSC.
Textbook
An Introduction to Indian Art, Part I (Class 11)
The standard base for art and architecture questions — stupas, temples and sculpture.
Textbook
India's Ancient Past
The expanded version of the classic old-NCERT ancient India text; clear and exam-friendly.
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Contemporaries
Powers that coexisted with the Kashi for a significant part of its history.
Magadha ★
East · c. 700–321 BCE
Chalcolithic Cultures
Central · c. 3,000–700 BCE
Kuru
North · c. 1,200–350 BCE
Gandhara
Northwest · c. 1,200–518 BCE
Panchala
Gangetic Plain · c. 1,100–350 BCE
Kosala
Gangetic Plain · c. 1,100–460 BCE
Videha
East · c. 1,100–600 BCE
Matsya
West · c. 1,100–350 BCE
Later Vedic Polities
Gangetic Plain · c. 1,000–600 BCE
Chedi
Central · c. 1,000–300 BCE
Vatsa
Gangetic Plain · c. 1,000–400 BCE
Avanti
Central · c. 1,000–345 BCE
Surasena
North · c. 800–350 BCE
Kamboja
Northwest · c. 800–330 BCE
Anga
East · c. 700–540 BCE
Assaka / Asmaka
Deccan · c. 700–350 BCE
Kalinga
East · c. 700–261 BCE
Vajji / Vrijji Confederacy
East · c. 600–468 BCE
Malla
Gangetic Plain · c. 600–400 BCE