YugMap Bharat, artharth India
Places › Capitals through time

👑 Capitals through time

Where India was ruled from, century by century. Larger dots are cities that served several kingdoms.

Cities ruled from most often

Pataliputra 6 Magadha → Mauryan Empire → Shunga Dynasty → Kanva Dynasty → Gupta Empire … Madurai 5 Early Pandyas (Sangam era) → Pandya Kingdom (First Empire) → Pandya Empire (Second Empire) → Madurai Sultanate → Madurai Nayaks Kabul 5 Turk Shahis → Durrani Empire → Emirate of Afghanistan → Kingdom of Afghanistan → Afghanistan Kathmandu 5 Malla Dynasty of Nepal → Kantipur (Kathmandu) → Kingdom of Nepal — expansion era → Kingdom of Nepal → Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Kannauj 4 Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) Dynasty → Maukhari Dynasty → Gurjara-Pratihara Empire → Gahadavala Dynasty Delhi 4 Tomaras of Delhi → Delhi Sultanate → Mughal Empire → Sur Empire Patan 4 Chaulukyas (Solankis) of Gujarat → Malla Dynasty of Nepal → Vaghela Dynasty → Lalitpur (Patan) Colombo 4 Portuguese Ceylon → Dutch Ceylon → British Ceylon → Dominion of Ceylon Mathura 3 Surasena → Indo-Scythian (Saka) Kingdoms → Kushan Empire Taxila 3 Indo-Greek Kingdoms → Indo-Scythian (Saka) Kingdoms → Indo-Parthian Kingdom Srinagar 3 Karkota Dynasty of Kashmir → Lohara Dynasty of Kashmir → Kashmir Sultanate Thanjavur 3 Chola Empire → Thanjavur Nayaks → Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom

Every capital, in date order 197

Show major powers only

FromKingdom / empireCapital
c. 7,000–2,600 BCE Mehrgarh Cultural Tradition 📍 Mehrgarh · Bolan Pass
c. 3,300–1,300 BCE Indus / Harappan Civilization 📍 Harappa · 📍 Mohenjo-daro · 📍 Dholavira
c. 3,000–1,500 BCE Neolithic Kashmir (Burzahom) 📍 Burzahom
c. 3,000–1,200 BCE South Indian Neolithic (Ash-mound cultures) 📍 Sanganakallu · Utnur
c. 3,000–1,500 BCE Ahar-Banas Culture 📍 Ahar · Gilund
c. 1,700–1,200 BCE Malwa Culture 📍 Navdatoli
c. 1,500–900 BCE Jorwe Culture 📍 Inamgaon · Daimabad
c. 1,500–1,000 BCE Early Vedic Communities 📍 Sapta Sindhu
c. 1,200–350 BCE Kuru 📍 Hastinapura · Indraprastha
c. 1,200–518 BCE Gandhara 📍 Takshashila
c. 1,100–350 BCE Panchala Ahichchhatra · Kampilya
c. 1,100–460 BCE Kosala Shravasti · Ayodhya
c. 1,100–600 BCE Videha Mithila
c. 1,100–350 BCE Matsya Viratanagara
c. 1,000–500 BCE Kashi 📍 Varanasi
c. 1,000–300 BCE Chedi Suktimati
c. 1,000–400 BCE Vatsa 📍 Kaushambi
c. 1,000–345 BCE Avanti Ujjayini · Mahishmati
c. 800–350 BCE Surasena 📍 Mathura
c. 800–330 BCE Kamboja Rajapura
c. 700–540 BCE Anga 📍 Champa
c. 700–321 BCE Magadha 📍 Rajagriha · 📍 Pataliputra
c. 700–350 BCE Assaka / Asmaka Potali · Bodhan
c. 700–261 BCE Kalinga Tosali
c. 600–468 BCE Vajji / Vrijji Confederacy 📍 Vaishali
c. 600–468 BCE Licchavi 📍 Vaishali
c. 600–400 BCE Malla Kushinara · Pava
c. 600–480 BCE Shakya Kapilavastu
c. 600–450 BCE Koliya Ramagrama
c. 600–400 BCE Moriya of Pipphalivana Pipphalivana
c. 437 BCE – c. 1017 Anuradhapura Kingdom 📍 Anuradhapura
c. 400 BCE – c. 300 CE Early Pandyas (Sangam era) 📍 Madurai · Korkai
c. 321–185 BCE Mauryan Empire 📍 Pataliputra
c. 300 BCE – c. 300 CE Early Cholas (Sangam era) Uraiyur · Puhar
c. 300 BCE – c. 300 CE Early Cheras (Sangam era) Vanchi (Karur · Muziris)
c. 256–125 BCE Greco-Bactrian Kingdom Bactra
c. 200 BCE – c. 50 CE Mahameghavahana (Chedi) of Kalinga Kalinganagari
c. 200 BCE – c. 225 CE Satavahana Empire Pratishthana · 📍 Amaravati
c. 200 BCE – c. 10 CE Indo-Greek Kingdoms 📍 Sagala · 📍 Taxila
c. 200 BCE – c. 350 CE Yaudheya Republic Rohitaka
c. 200 BCE – c. 1070 Principality of Ruhuna Mahagama · Tissamaharama
c. 185–73 BCE Shunga Dynasty 📍 Pataliputra · 📍 Vidisha
c. 110 BCE – c. 80 CE Indo-Scythian (Saka) Kingdoms 📍 Taxila · 📍 Mathura
c. 73–28 BCE Kanva Dynasty 📍 Pataliputra
c. 19 CE – c. 100 CE Indo-Parthian Kingdom 📍 Taxila
c. 30 CE – c. 375 CE Kushan Empire 📍 Purushapura · 📍 Mathura
c. 35 CE – c. 415 CE Western Kshatrapas 📍 Ujjain · Bharukaccha
c. 225 CE – c. 340 CE Ikshvakus of Vijayapuri Vijayapuri · 📍 Nagarjunakonda
c. 240 CE – c. 550 CE Gupta Empire 📍 Pataliputra · Ayodhya
c. 250 CE – c. 500 CE Vakataka Dynasty 📍 Nandivardhana · Vatsagulma
c. 275 CE – c. 897 CE Pallava Dynasty 📍 Kanchipuram
c. 345 CE – c. 525 CE Kadamba Dynasty Banavasi
c. 350 CE – c. 1000 Western Ganga Dynasty Talakadu
c. 350 CE – c. 1140 Kamarupa Pragjyotishpura
c. 400 CE – c. 750 CE Licchavi Kingdom of Nepal 📍 Kathmandu valley
c. 420 CE – c. 624 CE Vishnukundina Dynasty Amarapura · Indrapalanagara
c. 460 CE – c. 560 CE Alchon Huns (Hunas) Sakala
c. 475 CE – c. 776 CE Maitraka Dynasty Valabhi
c. 489 CE – c. 632 CE Rai Dynasty of Sindh Aror
c. 490 CE – c. 750 CE Later Guptas of Magadha 📍 Magadha
c. 500 CE – c. 647 CE Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) Dynasty 📍 Thanesar · 📍 Kannauj
c. 543 CE – c. 753 CE Chalukyas of Badami Vatapi · 📍 Badami
c. 550 CE – c. 606 CE Maukhari Dynasty 📍 Kannauj
c. 590 CE – c. 626 CE Gauda Kingdom (Shashanka) Karnasuvarna
c. 590 CE – c. 920 CE Pandya Kingdom (First Empire) 📍 Madurai
c. 624 CE – c. 1075 Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi Vengi
c. 625 CE – c. 855 CE Karkota Dynasty of Kashmir Parihasapura · 📍 Srinagar
c. 632 CE – c. 712 CE Brahmin Dynasty of Sindh (Chach) Aror
c. 650 CE – c. 1194 Chahamanas (Chauhans) of Shakambhari Shakambhari · 📍 Ajmer
c. 665 CE – c. 822 CE Turk Shahis 📍 Kabul
c. 675 CE – 1212 Kalachuris of Tripuri Tripuri
c. 712 CE – c. 750 CE Umayyad Caliphate — Sindh province Aror · Mansura
c. 728 CE – 1303 Guhilas of Medapata Nagda · Chittor
c. 730 CE – c. 1036 Gurjara-Pratihara Empire 📍 Kannauj
c. 736 CE – c. 1152 Tomaras of Delhi Dhillika · 📍 Delhi
c. 750 CE – c. 1161 Pala Empire Gauda · 📍 Pataliputra · Monghyr
c. 750 CE – c. 854 CE Abbasid Caliphate — Sindh province Mansura
c. 750 CE – 1200 Thakuri Kingdom of Nepal 📍 Kathmandu valley
c. 753 CE – c. 982 CE Rashtrakuta Empire 📍 Manyakheta
c. 800 CE – c. 1124 Chera Perumals of Makotai Mahodayapuram
c. 800 CE – 1305 Paramara Dynasty Dhara · 📍 Dhar
c. 822 CE – c. 1026 Hindu Shahis Udabhandapura · Hund
c. 831 CE – 1315 Chandela Dynasty 📍 Khajuraho · Mahoba
c. 848 CE – 1279 Chola Empire 📍 Thanjavur · 📍 Gangaikonda Cholapuram
c. 854 CE – c. 1011 Habbarid Emirate Mansura
c. 855 CE – c. 1003 Utpala Dynasty of Kashmir Avantipura
c. 855 CE – c. 1010 Emirate of Multan 📍 Multan
c. 940 CE – 1244 Chaulukyas (Solankis) of Gujarat Anahilapataka · 📍 Patan
c. 973 CE – c. 1189 Western Chalukyas of Kalyani 📍 Kalyani
c. 977 CE – c. 1186 Ghaznavid Empire 📍 Ghazni · 📍 Lahore
c. 1003 – c. 1171 Lohara Dynasty of Kashmir 📍 Srinagar
c. 1026 – 1343 Hoysala Empire Dorasamudra · Halebidu
c. 1026 – 1351 Soomra Dynasty Thatta region
c. 1070 – 1230 Sena Dynasty 📍 Nabadwip · Lakhnauti
c. 1070 – 1232 Polonnaruwa Kingdom 📍 Polonnaruwa
c. 1078 – 1434 Eastern Ganga Dynasty Kalinganagara · Cuttack
c. 1089 – c. 1197 Gahadavala Dynasty 📍 Kannauj · 📍 Varanasi
c. 1100 – c. 1400 Khasa Malla Kingdom Sinja
c. 1102 – 1949 Kingdom of Cochin Kochi · Thrissur
c. 1110 – 1949 Manipur Kingdom Kangla · Imphal
c. 1124 – 1766 Zamorins of Calicut 📍 Kozhikode
c. 1128 – 1949 Kachwahas of Amber (Jaipur) Amber · Jaipur
c. 1153 – 1968 Sultanate of the Maldives 📍 Malé
c. 1156 – c. 1181 Kalachuris of Kalyani 📍 Kalyani
c. 1163 – 1323 Kakatiya Dynasty Orugallu · 📍 Warangal
c. 1175 – 1206 Ghurid Empire Firozkoh · 📍 Ghazni
c. 1187 – 1317 Seuna (Yadava) Dynasty 📍 Devagiri
c. 1187 – 1524 Chutia Kingdom Sadiya
c. 1190 – 1345 Pandya Empire (Second Empire) 📍 Madurai
1201 – 1769 Malla Dynasty of Nepal 📍 Kathmandu · 📍 Patan · Bhaktapur
1206 – 1526 Delhi Sultanate 📍 Delhi
c. 1215 – 1619 Jaffna Kingdom Nallur
c. 1220 – 1345 Dambadeniya Kingdom Dambadeniya · Yapahuwa
c. 1226 – 1949 Marwar (Rathore) Mandore · 📍 Jodhpur
1228 – 1826 Ahom Kingdom 📍 Charaideo · Garhgaon · Rangpur
1244 – 1304 Vaghela Dynasty Dholka · 📍 Patan
1325 – 1448 Reddy Kingdom Kondavidu · Rajahmundry
1326 – 1949 Mewar (Sisodia) 📍 Chittorgarh · Udaipur
1335 – 1378 Madurai Sultanate 📍 Madurai
1336 – 1646 Vijayanagara Empire Vijayanagara · 📍 Hampi · Penukonda · 📍 Chandragiri
1339 – 1586 Kashmir Sultanate 📍 Srinagar
1341 – 1412 Gampola Kingdom Gampola
1347 – 1527 Bahmani Sultanate 📍 Gulbarga · Bidar
1351 – 1524 Samma Dynasty Thatta
1352 – 1576 Bengal Sultanate 📍 Pandua · Gaur
1370 – 1507 Timurid Empire (Herat) Samarkand · Herat
1382 – 1601 Khandesh Sultanate (Faruqi) Burhanpur
1392 – 1562 Malwa Sultanate Mandu
1394 – 1479 Jaunpur (Sharqi) Sultanate Jaunpur
1399 – 1950 Kingdom of Mysore 📍 Mysore · 📍 Srirangapatna
c. 1400 – 1949 Tripura (Manikya) Udaipur · Agartala
1407 – 1573 Gujarat Sultanate 📍 Ahmedabad
1412 – 1597 Kingdom of Kotte Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
1434 – 1541 Gajapati Kingdom Cuttack
1465 – 1949 Bikaner State Bikaner
c. 1469 – 1815 Kingdom of Kandy Senkadagala · 📍 Kandy
1482 – 1769 Kantipur (Kathmandu) Kantipur · 📍 Kathmandu
1482 – 1769 Lalitpur (Patan) Lalitpur · 📍 Patan
1482 – 1769 Bhaktapur Bhaktapur
1490 – 1636 Ahmadnagar Sultanate (Nizam Shahi) Ahmadnagar
1490 – 1686 Bijapur Sultanate (Adil Shahi) 📍 Bijapur
1490 – 1574 Berar Sultanate (Imad Shahi) Ellichpur
1492 – 1619 Bidar Sultanate (Barid Shahi) Bidar
1499 – 1763 Keladi Nayakas (Ikkeri) Ikkeri · Bednur
1501 – 1736 Safavid Empire (eastern provinces) Herat
1505 – 1961 Portuguese Estado da Índia 📍 Goa
1515 – 1949 Koch Kingdom (Kamata / Cooch Behar) Kamatapur · Cooch Behar
1518 – 1687 Golconda Sultanate (Qutb Shahi) 📍 Golconda · 📍 Hyderabad
1521 – 1594 Kingdom of Sitawaka Sitawaka
1526 – 1857 Mughal Empire 📍 Agra · 📍 Fatehpur Sikri · 📍 Delhi · Shahjahanabad
1529 – 1736 Madurai Nayaks 📍 Madurai · Tiruchirappalli
1532 – 1673 Thanjavur Nayaks 📍 Thanjavur
1540 – 1556 Sur Empire 📍 Delhi · Sasaram
1558 – 1573 Portuguese Malé 📍 Malé
1559 – 1768 Gorkha Kingdom 📍 Gorkha
1597 – 1658 Portuguese Ceylon 📍 Colombo
1600 – 1858 British East India Company 📍 Surat · Madras · Bombay · Calcutta
1605 – 1825 Dutch East India Company (VOC) in India Pulicat · 📍 Nagapattinam
1616 – 1907 Bhutan under the Zhabdrung (Druk Desi) 📍 Punakha
1620 – 1869 Danish India Tranquebar
1642 – 1975 Kingdom of Sikkim Yuksom · 📍 Gangtok
1658 – 1796 Dutch Ceylon 📍 Colombo
1668 – 1954 French India Pondichéry
1674 – 1818 Maratha Empire 📍 Raigad · 📍 Satara · 📍 Pune
1674 – 1855 Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom 📍 Thanjavur
1692 – 1855 Carnatic (Nawabs of Arcot) 📍 Arcot
1709 – 1738 Hotak Dynasty 📍 Kandahar
1717 – 1765 Nawabs of Bengal 📍 Murshidabad
1721 – 1949 Gaekwad State (Baroda) Baroda
1721 – 1774 Rohilkhand Aonla · Bareilly
1722 – 1947 Jat Kingdom of Bharatpur Deeg · Bharatpur
1722 – 1856 Awadh (Nawabs of Oudh) Faizabad · 📍 Lucknow
1724 – 1948 Hyderabad State (Nizams) 📍 Aurangabad · 📍 Hyderabad
1729 – 1949 Travancore Padmanabhapuram · Thiruvananthapuram
1731 – 1948 Holkar State (Indore) Maheshwar · Indore
1731 – 1948 Scindia State (Gwalior) 📍 Ujjain · 📍 Gwalior
1739 – 1853 Bhonsles of Nagpur Nagpur
1747 – 1823 Durrani Empire 📍 Kandahar · 📍 Kabul
1748 – 1799 Sikh Misls 📍 Amritsar
1768 – 1816 Kingdom of Nepal — expansion era 📍 Kathmandu
1796 – 1948 British Ceylon 📍 Colombo
1799 – 1849 Sikh Empire 📍 Lahore
1816 – 2008 Kingdom of Nepal 📍 Kathmandu
1823 – 1926 Emirate of Afghanistan 📍 Kabul
1858 – 1947 British Raj (Crown Rule) Calcutta · New Delhi from 1911
1907 – present Kingdom of Bhutan 📍 Punakha · 📍 Thimphu
1926 – 1973 Kingdom of Afghanistan 📍 Kabul
1947 – 1950 Dominion of India 📍 New Delhi
1947 – 1971 Pakistan (West & East) 📍 Karachi · 📍 Islamabad
1948 – 1972 Dominion of Ceylon 📍 Colombo
1950 – present Republic of India 📍 New Delhi
1968 – present Republic of Maldives 📍 Malé
1971 – present Islamic Republic of Pakistan 📍 Islamabad
1971 – present People's Republic of Bangladesh 📍 Dhaka
1972 – present Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
1973 – present Afghanistan 📍 Kabul
2008 – present Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal 📍 Kathmandu

121 of 197 capitals are on the map — only places whose location is already recorded on YugMap are shown; the rest are listed by name.