🗺 State & UT profiles

Punjab

Population (2011)27,704,236

Density (per sq km)550

Urban population (%)37.49

Kingdoms and empires15

Events on the map19

🗺 Geography

⛰ Land and rivers

Physiographic divisions: The Indian Desert (Marusthali) (part of the state)

Rivers: Ravi, Beas, Satluj

Physical India →

⚠ Natural hazards

Floods — Occasional river floods

Natural hazards →

🌿 Protected areas and natural heritage

Ramsar wetlands (6): Harike Lake, Kanjli, Ropar, Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary, Beas Conservation Reserve, Keshopur-Miani Community Reserve

Climate & life → · Water & protected areas →

🏭 Resources and economy

Crops: Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane, Cotton

Industries: Sugar, Fertilisers

Resources & economy →

📜 History

👑 Who held this land

Kingdoms, empires and cultures whose territory, as drawn on our map, covered a large part of today’s Punjab, or that were based here. Extents are approximate, so treat this as a guide to who held the region — not as exact borders.

Indus / Harappan Civilization c. 3,300–1,300 BCE

Early Vedic Communities c. 1,500–1,000 BCE · based here

Magadha c. 700–321 BCE

Mauryan Empire c. 321–185 BCE

Indo-Greek Kingdoms c. 200 BCE – c. 10 CE

Indo-Scythian (Saka) Kingdoms c. 110 BCE – c. 80 CE

Kushan Empire c. 30 CE – c. 375 CE

Alchon Huns (Hunas) c. 460 CE – c. 560 CE

Ghurid Empire c. 1175 – 1206

Delhi Sultanate 1206 – 1526

Mughal Empire 1526 – 1857

Sur Empire 1540 – 1556

British East India Company 1600 – 1858

Sikh Misls 1748 – 1799 · based here

Sikh Empire 1799 – 1849

3,300 BCE1950

📅 Events in Punjab

c. 1,500 BCE Composition of the Rigveda begins · Sapta Sindhu
326 BCE Alexander's army mutinies at the Beas · Beas (Hyphasis) river
1186 Ghurids take Lahore, ending the Ghaznavids · Lahore
1555 Humayun recovers Delhi (Battle of Sirhind) · Sirhind
1604 Adi Granth installed at Harmandir Sahib · Amritsar
1606 Execution of Guru Arjan Dev · Lahore
1699 ★ Guru Gobind Singh founds the Khalsa · Anandpur Sahib
1799 ★ Ranjit Singh takes Lahore · Lahore
1809 Treaty of Amritsar fixes the Sutlej frontier · Amritsar
1845 First Anglo-Sikh War · Ferozeshah
1846 Jammu & Kashmir granted to Gulab Singh · Amritsar
1849 ★ Punjab annexed · Lahore
1919 ★ Jallianwala Bagh massacre · Amritsar
1928 ★ Simon Commission boycotted · Lahore
1929 Purna Swaraj resolution at Lahore · Lahore
1931 ★ Execution of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru · Lahore
1940 Lahore Resolution · Lahore
1965 Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 · Lahore sector
1984 Operation Blue Star · Amritsar

🏛 Historic places

Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib)1604

🎨 People and culture

👥 2011 Census

Population: 27,704,236
Share of India’s population (%): 2.29
Density (per sq km): 550
Decadal growth 2001–11 (%): 13.73
Urban population (%): 37.49
Work participation rate (%): 35.7

People →

🎨 Art & culture

UNESCO intangible heritage: Brass and copper craft of the Thatheras of Jandiala Guru

Art & culture →

Geography: features are those on our Geography map that cover a good part of the state (or that NCERT places in it); hazards, reserves, crops, minerals, industries and ports are where NCERT, UNESCO or the Ramsar list name or place them. Census figures are for 2011, as NCERT prints them.

How this is made: nothing here is new — it is YugMap’s own map data sorted by today’s states. A kingdom is listed if its territory on our map covered at least 40% of the state at some point, or if its centre or capital lies here; events and places are listed where their map point falls inside the state. State outlines follow India’s official map.