YugMap Bharat, artharth India

Events

Battles, foundings, treaties and turning points. Click a year to open the map at that moment.

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70th century BCE103 events by century — click a bar to jump there6th century CE

70th century BCE · 1

c. 7,000 BCE Farming begins at Mehrgarh Cultural / religious
Among the earliest evidence of wheat, barley and cattle domestication in the Indian subcontinent.
 Mehrgarh Mehrgarh Cultural Tradition

55th century BCE · 1

c. 5,500 BCE Pottery appears at Mehrgarh Cultural / religious Mehrgarh Mehrgarh Cultural Tradition

50th century BCE · 1

c. 5,000 BCE Earliest cotton and copper at Mehrgarh Cultural / religious
Cotton seeds and copper beads among the earliest in the world.
 Mehrgarh Mehrgarh Cultural Tradition

40th century BCE · 1

c. 4,000 BCE Hakra-ware villages at Bhirrana and Kunal Cultural / religious Bhirrana

33rd century BCE · 1

c. 3,300 BCE Early Harappan phase begins Cultural / religious
Regional cultures lay the foundations of the cities.
 Harappa Early Harappan Cultures

30th century BCE · 1

c. 3,000 BCE Neolithic pit-dwellings at Burzahom Cultural / religious Burzahom Neolithic Kashmir (Burzahom)

29th century BCE · 1

c. 2,900 BCE Ash mounds of the southern Neolithic Cultural / religious Sanganakallu South Indian Neolithic (Ash-mound cultures)

26th century BCE · 1

c. 2,600 BCE Mature Harappan urban phase begins Cultural / religious
Planned cities with drains, granaries and standardised bricks appear.
 Mohenjo-daro Indus / Harappan Civilization

25th century BCE · 1

c. 2,500 BCE Dholavira's reservoirs and 'signboard' Cultural / religious Dholavira Indus / Harappan Civilization

24th century BCE · 1

c. 2,400 BCE Lothal dockyard in use Cultural / religious Lothal Indus / Harappan Civilization

23rd century BCE · 1

c. 2,300 BCE Harappan trade with Mesopotamia ('Meluhha') Cultural / religious
Mesopotamian texts refer to ships from Meluhha.
 Lothal Indus / Harappan Civilization

20th century BCE · 1

c. 2,000 BCE Copper hoards and OCP settlements in the doab Cultural / religious Ganga-Yamuna doab Ochre Coloured Pottery Culture

19th century BCE · 1

c. 1,900 BCE Decline of the Harappan cities Decline / collapse
Cities are abandoned; settlement shifts east and regionalises.
 Indus basin Indus / Harappan Civilization

18th century BCE · 1

c. 1,750 BCE Kalibangan abandoned Decline / collapse Kalibangan Indus / Harappan Civilization

17th century BCE · 1

c. 1,700 BCE Malwa culture at Navdatoli Cultural / religious Navdatoli Malwa Culture

15th century BCE · 1

c. 1,500 BCE Composition of the Rigveda begins Cultural / religious
Oldest layer of the Vedic corpus.
 Sapta Sindhu Early Vedic Communities

14th century BCE · 1

c. 1,400 BCE Jorwe farming villages at Inamgaon Cultural / religious Inamgaon Jorwe Culture

13th century BCE · 1

c. 1,300 BCE Cemetery H culture at Harappa Cultural / religious Harappa Late Harappan Cultures

12th century BCE · 1

c. 1,200 BCE Battle of the Ten Kings Battle
Rigvedic victory of Sudas of the Bharatas.
 Parushni (Ravi) river Early Vedic Communities

11th century BCE · 1

c. 1,100 BCE Iron comes into use in the Ganga plain Cultural / religious Atranjikhera Later Vedic Polities

10th century BCE · 2

c. 1,000 BCE Painted Grey Ware settlements spread in the doab Cultural / religious
Iron use and larger agrarian settlements.
 Hastinapura Later Vedic Polities
c. 1,000 BCE Later Vedic texts: Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda Cultural / religious Kuru-Panchala region Later Vedic Polities

9th century BCE · 1

c. 900 BCE Kuru kingdom consolidates Vedic ritual Political Hastinapura Kuru

8th century BCE · 1

c. 800 BCE Early Upanishads composed Cultural / religious Videha Videha

7th century BCE · 1

c. 700 BCE Second urbanisation: Northern Black Polished Ware Cultural / religious Kaushambi

6th century BCE · 7

c. 600 BCE Rise of the sixteen Mahajanapadas Political
Listed in the Buddhist Anguttara Nikaya.
Territorial states replaced tribal janas across north India.
 Gangetic plain
c. 599 BCE Birth of Vardhamana Mahavira Cultural / religious
Traditional date; many scholars prefer c. 540 BCE.
 Kundagrama, Vaishali Vajji / Vrijji Confederacy
c. 563 BCE Birth of Siddhartha Gautama at Lumbini Cultural / religious
Traditional date; debated (c. 563 or c. 480 BCE).
 Lumbini Shakya
c. 540 BCE Bimbisara annexes Anga Conquest / annexation
The first step in Magadha's expansion.
 Champa Haryanka Dynasty
c. 528 BCE The Buddha's enlightenment at Bodh Gaya Cultural / religious Bodh Gaya
c. 527 BCE Mahavira's nirvana at Pavapuri Cultural / religious
Traditional date.
 Pavapuri
c. 518 BCE Achaemenid Persia annexes Gandhara Conquest / annexation
Gandhara and Hindush appear in Darius I's inscriptions.
 Takshashila Achaemenid Gandhara & Hindush

5th century BCE · 6

c. 492 BCE Ajatashatru becomes king of Magadha Founding / accession Rajagriha Haryanka Dynasty
c. 483 BCE Mahaparinirvana of the Buddha Cultural / religious
Date debated (c. 483 or c. 400 BCE).
 Kushinagar Malla
c. 483 BCE First Buddhist Council at Rajagriha Cultural / religious Rajgir Haryanka Dynasty
c. 468 BCE Ajatashatru defeats the Vajji confederacy Conquest / annexation Vaishali Haryanka Dynasty
c. 460 BCE Pataliputra becomes Magadha's capital Political Pataliputra Haryanka Dynasty
c. 413 BCE Shishunaga dynasty replaces the Haryankas Founding / accession
Shishunaga later annexed Avanti.
 Magadha Shishunaga Dynasty

4th century BCE · 11

c. 400 BCE Panini composes the Ashtadhyayi Cultural / religious
Sanskrit grammar was fixed in about 4,000 sutras.
 Shalatula, Gandhara Gandhara
c. 383 BCE Second Buddhist Council at Vaishali Cultural / religious Vaishali Shishunaga Dynasty
c. 345 BCE Mahapadma Nanda founds the Nanda dynasty Founding / accession Pataliputra Nanda Dynasty
327 BCE Alexander crosses the Hindu Kush into Gandhara Conquest / annexation Kapisa
326 BCE Battle of the Hydaspes Battle
Alexander of Macedon defeats Porus.
Alexander won but restored Porus as a vassal king.
 Jhelum river
326 BCE Alexander's army mutinies at the Beas Political
Alexander turned back and left India in 325 BCE.
 Beas (Hyphasis) river
325 BCE Alexander's army sails down the Indus Political Patala
c. 321 BCE Chandragupta Maurya overthrows the Nandas Founding / accession
Foundation of the Mauryan Empire with Chanakya's guidance.
The Nanda dynasty ended and the Mauryan Empire was founded.
 Pataliputra Mauryan Empire
c. 317 BCE Chandragupta takes the northwest from Alexander's satraps Conquest / annexation
Greek garrisons east of the Indus were removed.
 Punjab Mauryan Empire
c. 303 BCE Seleucid-Mauryan treaty Treaty
Seleucus cedes Arachosia and Gandhara; Megasthenes sent to Pataliputra.
Seleucus ceded the lands west of the Indus in return for 500 war elephants.
 Northwest Mauryan Empire
c. 302 BCE Megasthenes at Pataliputra writes the Indica Cultural / religious Pataliputra Mauryan Empire

3rd century BCE · 8

c. 297 BCE Chandragupta Maurya retires to Shravanabelagola Political
Jain tradition.
 Shravanabelagola Mauryan Empire
c. 268 BCE Ashoka's accession Founding / accession Pataliputra Mauryan Empire
c. 261 BCE Kalinga War Battle
Ashoka's conquest of Kalinga and turn to Dhamma.
Kalinga was annexed and Ashoka renounced war for Dhamma.
 Dhauli, Kalinga Mauryan Empire
c. 257 BCE Ashoka's Major Rock Edicts inscribed Cultural / religious
Edicts in Prakrit (Brahmi and Kharosthi) across the empire.
 Girnar Mauryan Empire
c. 250 BCE Third Buddhist Council at Pataliputra Cultural / religious Pataliputra Mauryan Empire
c. 249 BCE Ashoka visits Lumbini Cultural / religious
His pillar inscription records the visit.
Lumbini's taxes were reduced to one-eighth.
 Lumbini Mauryan Empire
c. 247 BCE Mahinda brings Buddhism to Sri Lanka Cultural / religious Mihintale Anuradhapura Kingdom
c. 232 BCE Death of Ashoka Political Pataliputra Mauryan Empire

2nd century BCE · 7

c. 185 BCE Pushyamitra Shunga assassinates Brihadratha Political
End of the Mauryan dynasty.
The Mauryan dynasty ended and the Shunga dynasty began.
 Pataliputra Shunga Dynasty
c. 180 BCE Demetrius I invades northwest India Conquest / annexation
Founded Indo-Greek rule south of the Hindu Kush.
 Gandhara Indo-Greek Kingdoms
c. 161 BCE Dutugemunu unites Sri Lanka Conquest / annexation
Defeats Elara (Ellalan).
 Anuradhapura Anuradhapura Kingdom
c. 150 BCE Kharavela's Hathigumpha inscription Cultural / religious Udayagiri, Bhubaneswar Mahameghavahana (Chedi) of Kalinga
c. 150 BCE Menander's reign; Milindapanha dialogues Cultural / religious Sagala Indo-Greek Kingdoms
c. 150 BCE Bharhut stupa railings carved Cultural / religious Bharhut Shunga Dynasty
c. 113 BCE Heliodorus Pillar at Vidisha Cultural / religious
A Greek envoy's Garuda pillar to Vasudeva.
 Vidisha Indo-Greek Kingdoms

1st century BCE · 4

57 BCE Vikram Samvat era begins Political Ujjain
c. 50 BCE Sanchi gateways carved Cultural / religious Sanchi Satavahana Empire
c. 29 BCE Pali Canon written down at Aluvihare Cultural / religious Aluvihare Anuradhapura Kingdom
c. 28 BCE Satavahanas end the Kanva dynasty Conquest / annexation
The Kanva dynasty ended.
 Magadha Satavahana Empire

1st century CE · 6

c. 30 CE Kujula Kadphises unites the Kushans Founding / accession
The five Yuezhi tribes were united under one ruler.
 Bactria-Gandhara Kushan Empire
c. 46 CE Takht-i-Bahi monastery founded Cultural / religious Takht-i-Bahi Indo-Parthian Kingdom
c. 50 CE Roman trade at Arikamedu and Muziris Cultural / religious Arikamedu Early Cholas (Sangam era)
c. 52 CE St Thomas traditionally lands at Muziris Cultural / religious Kodungallur Early Cheras (Sangam era)
78 CE Saka era begins Political
Basis of India's national calendar.
 Western India Western Kshatrapas
c. 100 CE Chaitya halls at Karla and Nashik Cultural / religious Karla Satavahana Empire

2nd century CE · 3

c. 124 CE Gautamiputra Satakarni defeats Nahapana Battle
The Satavahanas recovered the western Deccan from the Kshaharatas.
 Nashik Satavahana Empire
c. 127 CE Kanishka's accession Political
Fourth Buddhist Council in Kashmir during his reign.
 Purushapura Kushan Empire
c. 150 CE Rudradaman's Junagadh inscription Cultural / religious
Early long Sanskrit inscription; repair of Sudarshana lake.
 Junagadh Western Kshatrapas

3rd century CE · 4

c. 230 CE Sasanian conquest of the western Kushan lands Conquest / annexation
Kushanshah governors ruled Bactria as Sasanian vassals.
 Bactria Kushan Empire
c. 240 CE Sri Gupta founds the Gupta line Founding / accession Magadha Gupta Empire
c. 250 CE Nagarjunakonda flourishes under the Ikshvakus Cultural / religious Nagarjunakonda Ikshvakus of Vijayapuri
c. 275 CE Pallava rule begins at Kanchi Founding / accession Kanchipuram Pallava Dynasty

4th century CE · 7

c. 319 CE Gupta era begins Founding / accession
Chandragupta I's accession.
 Pataliputra Gupta Empire
c. 320 CE Chandragupta I marries the Licchavi princess Kumaradevi Political
The alliance strengthened Gupta power in Magadha.
 Pataliputra Gupta Empire
c. 335 CE Samudragupta becomes emperor Founding / accession Pataliputra Gupta Empire
c. 350 CE Samudragupta's Prayaga prashasti Cultural / religious
Records Samudragupta's campaigns.
 Prayagraj Gupta Empire
c. 380 CE Gupta-Vakataka marriage alliance Political
Prabhavatigupta married Rudrasena II.
Secured the Gupta southern flank for the war against the Sakas.
 Nandivardhana Vakataka Dynasty
c. 395 CE Chandragupta II conquers the Western Kshatrapas Conquest / annexation
The Guptas gained Gujarat, Malwa and the western ports.
 Ujjain Gupta Empire
c. 400 CE Kalidasa at the Gupta court Cultural / religious Ujjain Gupta Empire

5th century CE · 10

c. 402 CE Iron Pillar erected Cultural / religious
Rust-resistant wrought-iron pillar.
 Mehrauli, Delhi Gupta Empire
c. 405 CE Faxian travels in India Cultural / religious Pataliputra Gupta Empire
c. 415 CE Kumaragupta I becomes emperor Founding / accession Pataliputra Gupta Empire
c. 427 CE Nalanda Mahavihara founded Cultural / religious Nalanda Gupta Empire
c. 455 CE Skandagupta repels the Hunas Battle
The first Huna invasion was repulsed.
 Bhitari Gupta Empire
c. 464 CE Manadeva I's Changu Narayan inscription Cultural / religious
Earliest dated inscription of Nepal.
 Changu Narayan Licchavi Kingdom of Nepal
c. 467 CE Death of Skandagupta Decline / collapse
Gupta power began a long decline.
 Pataliputra Gupta Empire
c. 477 CE Kashyapa I builds Sigiriya Cultural / religious Sigiriya Anuradhapura Kingdom
c. 480 CE Ajanta's later caves under Harishena Cultural / religious Ajanta Vakataka Dynasty
499 CE Aryabhata writes the Aryabhatiya Cultural / religious
Place-value mathematics and astronomy.
 Kusumapura (Pataliputra) Gupta Empire

6th century CE · 5

c. 510 CE Huna invasions under Toramana Battle
The Hunas seized parts of western and central India, weakening the Guptas.
 Eran Alchon Huns (Hunas)
c. 528 CE Yashodharman defeats Mihirakula Battle
Mihirakula's power in central India was broken.
 Mandsaur
543 CE Pulakeshin I fortifies Vatapi Founding / accession Badami Chalukyas of Badami
c. 550 CE Colossal Buddhas carved at Bamiyan Cultural / religious Bamiyan
c. 550 CE Fall of the imperial Guptas Decline / collapse
North India fragmented among the Maukharis, Later Guptas and others.
 Magadha Gupta Empire