Recommended reading

A curated shelf for exam preparation and for curious readers — from NCERT basics to the standard references and the best popular histories. Every note is our own.

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Preparing for
Era
Type

Prehistory & Harappan 5

Textbook

Themes in Indian History, Parts I–III (Class 12)

NCERT · NCERT

Source-based chapters on Harappa, Vijayanagara, the Mughal court and 1857 — essential for UPSC.

NCERT basics UPSC Prelims UPSC Mains SSC State PSC
Textbook

India's Ancient Past

R. S. Sharma · Oxford University Press

The expanded version of the classic old-NCERT ancient India text; clear and exam-friendly.

UPSC Prelims UPSC Mains SSC State PSC
Reference

A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India

Upinder Singh · Pearson

The most complete modern textbook on ancient India, rich in sources, maps and archaeology.

UPSC Mains General reading
Reference

Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization

Jonathan Mark Kenoyer · Oxford University Press

An archaeologist's lavishly illustrated account of the Harappan cities.

General reading
Popular history

Early Indians

Tony Joseph · Juggernaut

A lively look at who the first Indians were, drawing on genetics and archaeology.

General reading

Ancient India 7

Textbook

Our Pasts I, II & III (Classes 6–8)

NCERT · NCERT

The simplest possible start: short, illustrated and the base of countless exam questions.

NCERT basics UPSC Prelims SSC State PSC
Reference

Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300

Romila Thapar · Penguin

An authoritative, interpretive history of early Indian society and states.

UPSC Mains General reading
Reference

The Wonder That Was India

A. L. Basham · Picador

A timeless, beautifully written survey of ancient Indian civilisation.

General reading
Reference

A History of South India

K. A. Nilakanta Sastri · Oxford University Press

The classic survey of the south, from prehistory to the fall of Vijayanagara.

UPSC Mains State PSC General reading
Reference

Ashoka in Ancient India

Nayanjot Lahiri · Permanent Black

A vivid biography of Ashoka built from his own edicts.

General reading
Popular history

Incarnations: A History of India in 50 Lives

Sunil Khilnani · Penguin

Indian history told through fifty remarkable lives, from the Buddha to Ambedkar.

General reading
Primary source / classic

The Discovery of India

Jawaharlal Nehru · Penguin

Nehru's sweeping reflection on India's past, written in prison in 1944.

General reading

Medieval India 9

Textbook

History of Medieval India

Satish Chandra · Orient BlackSwan

The go-to single volume on the Sultanate, Mughals and regional kingdoms.

UPSC Prelims UPSC Mains SSC State PSC
Reference

Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals (2 vols)

Satish Chandra · Har-Anand

The detailed two-volume treatment for readers who want more than the single-volume textbook.

UPSC Mains General reading
Reference

The Colas

K. A. Nilakanta Sastri · University of Madras

The definitive study of the Chola empire, its kings and administration.

General reading
Reference

The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History

Peter Jackson · Cambridge University Press

A scholarly history of the Sultanate and its wars with the Mongols.

General reading
Primary source / classic

A Forgotten Empire: Vijayanagar

Robert Sewell · Various reprints

Includes translations of the Portuguese travellers Paes and Nuniz on Vijayanagara.

General reading
Reference

The Mughal Empire

John F. Richards · Cambridge University Press

A compact, respected overview of the Mughal state from Babur to its decline.

UPSC Mains General reading
Primary source / classic

The Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur

Babur (tr. Wheeler M. Thackston) · Modern Library

The first Mughal emperor in his own words — candid, curious and unforgettable.

General reading
Reference

The Marathas 1600–1818

Stewart Gordon · Cambridge University Press

How the Maratha state rose from Shivaji's swarajya to a subcontinental power.

General reading
Reference

A History of Assam

Edward Gait · Various reprints

The classic history of Assam and the Ahom kingdom.

State PSC General reading

Modern India 13

Textbook

India and the Contemporary World I & II (Classes 9–10)

NCERT · NCERT

Nationalism in Europe and India, the French Revolution and the making of a global world.

NCERT basics UPSC Prelims SSC State PSC
Textbook

History of Modern India

Bipan Chandra · Orient BlackSwan

The old-NCERT modern India classic, from the decline of the Mughals to independence.

UPSC Prelims UPSC Mains SSC State PSC
Textbook

A Brief History of Modern India

Rajiv Ahir · Spectrum Books

The most-used exam book for modern India; dense, well organised and revision-friendly.

UPSC Prelims UPSC Mains SSC State PSC
Reference

India's Struggle for Independence

Bipan Chandra et al. · Penguin

The standard narrative of the national movement from 1857 to 1947.

UPSC Prelims UPSC Mains State PSC General reading
Reference

From Plassey to Partition and After

Sekhar Bandyopadhyay · Orient BlackSwan

A balanced, analytical history of colonial India; excellent for Mains answers.

UPSC Mains General reading
Popular history

The Anarchy

William Dalrymple · Bloomsbury

A gripping account of how a trading company conquered India.

General reading
Popular history

The Last Mughal

William Dalrymple · Penguin

Delhi in 1857 through the life of Bahadur Shah Zafar.

General reading
Popular history

Ranjit Singh: Maharaja of the Punjab

Khushwant Singh · Penguin

A readable biography of the founder of the Sikh Empire.

General reading
Popular history

The Great Partition

Yasmin Khan · Yale University Press

A humane, clear-eyed history of the Partition of 1947.

General reading
Popular history

India After Gandhi

Ramachandra Guha · Picador

The history of the Republic, from 1947 to the present.

UPSC Mains General reading
Primary source / classic

An Autobiography, or The Story of My Experiments with Truth

M. K. Gandhi · Navajivan

Gandhi's own account of his life and the ideas behind satyagraha.

General reading
Primary source / classic

Annihilation of Caste

B. R. Ambedkar · Navayana / various

Ambedkar's landmark critique of caste, essential for social reform topics.

UPSC Mains General reading
Popular history

Freedom at Midnight

Larry Collins & Dominique Lapierre · Vikas

A dramatic, page-turning narrative of independence and Partition.

General reading

World history 4

Textbook

Themes in World History (Class 11)

NCERT · NCERT

A readable bridge into world history: empires, nomads, industrialisation and colonisation.

NCERT basics UPSC Mains State PSC
Reference

Mastering Modern World History

Norman Lowe · Bloomsbury

The favourite for UPSC world history: world wars, revolutions and the Cold War.

UPSC Mains General reading
Textbook

The Story of Civilization, Vols 1 & 2

Arjun Dev · NCERT

Old-NCERT world history from early civilisations to the modern world.

NCERT basics UPSC Mains State PSC
Primary source / classic

Glimpses of World History

Jawaharlal Nehru · Penguin

World history in letters from Nehru to his daughter Indira.

General reading

Neighbouring countries 3

Reference

A History of Sri Lanka

K. M. de Silva · Penguin

The standard history of Sri Lanka from Anuradhapura to independence.

General reading
Reference

A History of Nepal

John Whelpton · Cambridge University Press

A concise, reliable history of Nepal from the Gorkha unification to the republic.

General reading
Reference

A History of Bangladesh

Willem van Schendel · Cambridge University Press

The land, people and politics of Bangladesh, from ancient Bengal to today.

General reading

Art & culture 2

Textbook

An Introduction to Indian Art, Part I (Class 11)

NCERT · NCERT

The standard base for art and architecture questions — stupas, temples and sculpture.

NCERT basics UPSC Prelims State PSC
Textbook

Indian Art and Culture

Nitin Singhania · McGraw Hill

Covers architecture, painting, music, dance and religion in one exam-oriented book.

UPSC Prelims UPSC Mains State PSC
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