Timeline
Every bar is a polity. Read vertically at any point to see who existed at the same time — the subcontinent was almost never ruled by a single power.The scale is compressed in deep time so the densely documented centuries stay readable.
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Tip: drag across the chart to zoom in; click empty space to open the map.
750 CE
1000
1250
1500
1750
Gupta Empire & Regional Powers
Post-Gupta / Early Medieval
Tripartite Struggle
Chola & Major Southern Kingdoms
Regional Kingdoms & Ghaznavid/Ghurid Expansion
Delhi Sultanate & Regional Kingdoms
Vijayanagara Empire
Bahmani & Deccan Sultanates
European Maritime Powers
Mughal Empire
Sur Empire
Maratha Empire & Regional Powers
East India Company Rule
Pan-Indian · 1
Northwest · 15
North · 11
Himalaya · 6
Gangetic Plain · 6
East · 8
Northeast · 3
Central · 7
West · 9
Deccan · 14
South · 15
Sri Lanka · 7
Islands · 1
Coastal · 21