Delhi Sultanate & Regional Kingdoms

1206 – 1526

Map layer: Sultanates & Kingdoms

Five successive dynasties rule from Delhi while many regional kingdoms and sultanates flourish.

🗺 Map at start (1206) Map at midpoint (1366) Zoomed timeline

Main polities of this period

Name	Type	Span	Region	Capital
Malla Dynasty of Nepal ★	Kingdom	1201 – 1769	Himalaya	Kathmandu, Patan, Bhaktapur
Delhi Sultanate ★	Sultanate	1206 – 1526	North	Delhi
Ahom Kingdom ★	Kingdom	1228 – 1826	Northeast	Charaideo, later Garhgaon / Rangpur
Mewar (Sisodia) ★	Kingdom	1326 – 1949	West	Chittorgarh, later Udaipur
Zamorins of Calicut	Kingdom	c. 1124 – 1766	South	Kozhikode
Jaffna Kingdom	Kingdom	c. 1215 – 1619	Sri Lanka	Nallur
Marwar (Rathore)	Kingdom	c. 1226 – 1949	West	Mandore, later Jodhpur
Madurai Sultanate	Sultanate	1335 – 1378	South	Madurai
Kashmir Sultanate	Sultanate	1339 – 1586	North	Srinagar
Samma Dynasty	Dynasty	1351 – 1524	Northwest	Thatta
Bengal Sultanate	Sultanate	1352 – 1576	East	Pandua / Gaur
Timurid Empire (Herat)	Empire	1370 – 1507	Northwest	Samarkand, later Herat
Malwa Sultanate	Sultanate	1392 – 1562	Central	Mandu
Jaunpur (Sharqi) Sultanate	Sultanate	1394 – 1479	Gangetic Plain	Jaunpur
Gujarat Sultanate	Sultanate	1407 – 1573	West	Ahmedabad
Kingdom of Kotte	Kingdom	1412 – 1597	Sri Lanka	Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
Gajapati Kingdom	Kingdom	1434 – 1541	East	Cuttack
Chutia Kingdom	Kingdom	c. 1187 – 1524	Northeast	Sadiya
Dambadeniya Kingdom	Kingdom	c. 1220 – 1345	Sri Lanka	Dambadeniya / Yapahuwa
Reddy Kingdom	Kingdom	1325 – 1448	Deccan	Kondavidu / Rajahmundry
Gampola Kingdom	Kingdom	1341 – 1412	Sri Lanka	Gampola
Khandesh Sultanate (Faruqi)	Sultanate	1382 – 1601	Deccan	Burhanpur
Tripura (Manikya)	Kingdom	c. 1400 – 1949	Northeast	Udaipur, later Agartala

Also existing during this period

Kalachuris of Tripuri

Central · c. 675 CE – 1212

Paramara Dynasty

Central · c. 800 CE – 1305

Chandela Dynasty

Central · c. 831 CE – 1315

Portuguese Cochin

Coastal · 1503 – 1663

Portuguese Estado da Índia

Coastal · 1505 – 1961

Kakatiya Dynasty

Deccan · c. 1163 – 1323

Seuna (Yadava) Dynasty

Deccan · c. 1187 – 1317

Bahmani Sultanate

Deccan · 1347 – 1527

Ahmadnagar Sultanate (Nizam Shahi)

Deccan · 1490 – 1636

Bijapur Sultanate (Adil Shahi)

Deccan · 1490 – 1686

Berar Sultanate (Imad Shahi)

Deccan · 1490 – 1574

Bidar Sultanate (Barid Shahi)

Deccan · 1492 – 1619

Golconda Sultanate (Qutb Shahi)

Deccan · 1518 – 1687

Sena Dynasty

East · c. 1070 – 1230

Eastern Ganga Dynasty

East · c. 1078 – 1434

Khasa Malla Kingdom

Himalaya · c. 1100 – c. 1400

Sultanate of the Maldives

Islands · c. 1153 – 1968

Mughal Empire

North · 1526 – 1857

Koch Kingdom (Kamata / Cooch Behar)

Northeast · 1515 – 1949

Soomra Dynasty

Northwest · c. 1026 – 1351

Ghurid Empire

Northwest · c. 1175 – 1206

Chola Empire

South · c. 848 CE – 1279

Hoysala Empire

South · c. 1026 – 1343

Pandya Empire (Second Empire)

South · c. 1190 – 1345

Vijayanagara Empire

South · 1336 – 1646

Kingdom of Mysore

South · 1399 – 1950

Polonnaruwa Kingdom

Sri Lanka · c. 1070 – 1232

Kingdom of Kandy

Sri Lanka · c. 1469 – 1815

Guhilas of Medapata

West · c. 728 CE – 1303

Chaulukyas (Solankis) of Gujarat

West · c. 940 CE – 1244

Kachwahas of Amber (Jaipur)

West · c. 1128 – 1949

Events

Year	Event	Polity
1206	Delhi Sultanate founded	Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty
1211	Iltutmish becomes sultan	Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty
1221	Chinggis Khan pursues Jalal ad-Din to the Indus Jalal ad-Din escaped across the Indus and Iltutmish refused him asylum.
1228	Sukaphaa founds the Ahom kingdom	Ahom Kingdom
1229	Iltutmish receives caliphal investiture	Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty
1236	Razia Sultana ascends the throne	Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty
1240	Razia Sultana deposed and killed Power passed to the Turkish nobles known as the 'Forty'.	Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty
c. 1250	Konark Sun Temple built	Eastern Ganga Dynasty
1266	Balban becomes sultan	Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty
1279	End of the Chola dynasty The Pandyas became the dominant Tamil power.	Chola Empire
1290	Khalji revolution	Khalji Dynasty
1292	Marco Polo visits the Pandya coast	Pandya Empire (Second Empire)
1296	Alauddin Khalji raids Devagiri	Khalji Dynasty
1296	Alauddin Khalji becomes sultan	Khalji Dynasty
1299	Mongols defeated at Kili Alauddin Khalji's army repelled Qutlugh Khwaja's Mongol invasion.	Khalji Dynasty
1301	Alauddin Khalji takes Ranthambore Hammiradeva Chauhan was killed.	Khalji Dynasty
1303	Siege of Chittorgarh Chittor fell to Alauddin Khalji after a long siege.	Khalji Dynasty
1310	Malik Kafur takes Warangal The Kakatiya ruler Prataparudra became a tributary of Delhi.	Khalji Dynasty
1311	Malik Kafur's southern campaign reaches Madurai The Pandya capital was plundered and its treasure carried to Delhi.	Khalji Dynasty
1316	Death of Alauddin Khalji Malik Kafur briefly seized power; the Khaljis fell four years later.	Khalji Dynasty
1320	Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq founds the Tughlaq dynasty	Tughlaq Dynasty
1323	Fall of the Kakatiyas Warangal was annexed and the Kakatiya dynasty ended.	Tughlaq Dynasty
1327	Capital shifted to Daulatabad The move caused great hardship and was reversed within a few years.	Tughlaq Dynasty
c. 1329	Muhammad bin Tughlaq issues token currency Widespread forgery forced the coins to be withdrawn.	Tughlaq Dynasty
1334	Ibn Battuta arrives in Delhi	Tughlaq Dynasty
1336	Vijayanagara founded	Sangama Dynasty
1343	Ibn Battuta serves as qadi in the Maldives	Sultanate of the Maldives
1347	Bahmani Sultanate founded	Bahmani Sultanate
1351	Firuz Shah Tughlaq becomes sultan	Tughlaq Dynasty
1352	Ilyas Shah unifies Bengal	Bengal Sultanate
1378	Vijayanagara annexes the Madurai Sultanate Kumara Kampana's campaign ended the Madurai Sultanate.	Sangama Dynasty
1382	Jayasthiti Malla's reforms in Nepal	Malla Dynasty of Nepal
1398	Timur sacks Delhi Delhi was devastated and the Tughlaq sultanate never recovered.	Tughlaq Dynasty
1407	Gujarat Sultanate becomes independent	Gujarat Sultanate
1411	Ahmedabad founded	Gujarat Sultanate
1412	Parakramabahu VI unifies Sri Lanka from Kotte	Kingdom of Kotte
1414	Khizr Khan founds the Sayyid dynasty	Sayyid Dynasty
1420	Nicolò de' Conti visits Vijayanagara	Sangama Dynasty
1443	Abdur Razzaq's embassy to Vijayanagara	Sangama Dynasty
c. 1450	Kabir's poetry in Varanasi
c. 1450	Sixty Dome Mosque at Bagerhat	Bengal Sultanate
1451	Bahlul Lodi founds the Lodi dynasty	Lodi Dynasty
1459	Rao Jodha founds Jodhpur Mehrangarh fort became the Rathore capital.	Marwar (Rathore)
1469	Birth of Guru Nanak
c. 1469	Kingdom of Kandy emerges	Kingdom of Kandy
1482	Nepal valley divides into three Malla kingdoms	Malla Dynasty of Nepal
1490	Bijapur and Ahmadnagar break from the Bahmanis	Bijapur Sultanate (Adil Shahi)
1498	Vasco da Gama reaches Calicut The direct sea route from Europe to India was opened.	Zamorins of Calicut
1504	Sikandar Lodi founds Agra Agra became the Lodi and later Mughal capital.	Lodi Dynasty
1505	Portuguese reach Sri Lanka	Kingdom of Kotte
1509	Krishnadevaraya's accession	Tuluva Dynasty
1509	Battle of Diu Portuguese naval supremacy in the Arabian Sea was established.	Portuguese Estado da Índia
1510	Portuguese capture Goa Goa became the capital of the Portuguese Estado da Índia until 1961.	Portuguese Estado da Índia
1520	Krishnadevaraya takes Raichur Vijayanagara won the Raichur doab from Bijapur.	Tuluva Dynasty
1526	First Battle of Panipat Ibrahim Lodi was killed and Babur founded the Mughal Empire.	Mughal Empire