Maratha Empire & Regional Powers

1674 – 1818

Map layer: Empires & Regional Powers

Shivaji's swarajya grows into a confederacy dominating much of India in the 18th century.

🗺 Map at start (1674) Map at midpoint (1746) Zoomed timeline

Main polities of this period

Name	Type	Span	Region	Capital
Kingdom of Mysore ★	Kingdom	1399 – 1950	South	Mysore / Srirangapatna
Maratha Empire ★	Empire	1674 – 1818	Deccan	Raigad, later Satara / Pune
Nawabs of Bengal ★	Kingdom	1717 – 1765	East	Murshidabad
Hyderabad State (Nizams) ★	Kingdom	1724 – 1948	Deccan	Aurangabad, later Hyderabad
Carnatic (Nawabs of Arcot)	Kingdom	1692 – 1855	South	Arcot
Hotak Dynasty	Dynasty	1709 – 1738	Northwest	Kandahar
Gaekwad State (Baroda)	Kingdom	1721 – 1949	West	Baroda
Rohilkhand	Kingdom	1721 – 1774	Gangetic Plain	Aonla / Bareilly
Jat Kingdom of Bharatpur	Kingdom	1722 – 1947	North	Deeg / Bharatpur
Awadh (Nawabs of Oudh)	Kingdom	1722 – 1856	Gangetic Plain	Faizabad, later Lucknow
Travancore	Kingdom	1729 – 1949	South	Padmanabhapuram, later Thiruvananthapuram
Holkar State (Indore)	Kingdom	1731 – 1948	Central	Maheshwar, later Indore
Scindia State (Gwalior)	Kingdom	1731 – 1948	Central	Ujjain, later Gwalior
Bhonsles of Nagpur	Kingdom	1739 – 1853	Central	Nagpur
Durrani Empire	Empire	1747 – 1823	Northwest	Kandahar, later Kabul
Kingdom of Nepal — expansion era	Kingdom	1768 – 1816	Himalaya	Kathmandu
Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom	Kingdom	1674 – 1855	South	Thanjavur

Also existing during this period

Portuguese Estado da Índia

Coastal · 1505 – 1961

Portuguese Bassein & Bombay

Coastal · 1534 – 1739

Portuguese Diu

Coastal · 1535 – 1961

Portuguese Daman

Coastal · 1559 – 1961

Dutch East India Company (VOC) in India

Coastal · 1605 – 1825

Dutch Coromandel (Pulicat)

Coastal · 1610 – 1825

Danish India

Coastal · 1620 – 1869

Danish Tranquebar

Coastal · 1620 – 1845

Fort St George, Madras

Coastal · 1639 – 1858

Dutch Chinsurah

Coastal · 1656 – 1825

Dutch Malabar (Cochin)

Coastal · 1663 – 1795

French India

Coastal · 1668 – 1954

Bombay (English East India Company)

Coastal · 1668 – 1858

Chandernagore

Coastal · 1673 – 1950

Pondichéry

Coastal · 1674 – 1954

Mahé

Coastal · 1721 – 1954

Yanam

Coastal · 1731 – 1954

Karaikal

Coastal · 1739 – 1954

Danish Serampore

Coastal · 1755 – 1845

Bijapur Sultanate (Adil Shahi)

Deccan · 1490 – 1686

Golconda Sultanate (Qutb Shahi)

Deccan · 1518 – 1687

Malla Dynasty of Nepal

Himalaya · 1201 – 1769

Gorkha Kingdom

Himalaya · 1559 – 1768

Bhutan under the Zhabdrung (Druk Desi)

Himalaya · 1616 – 1907

Kingdom of Nepal

Himalaya · 1816 – 2008

Sultanate of the Maldives

Islands · c. 1153 – 1968

Mughal Empire

North · 1526 – 1857

Sikh Empire

North · 1799 – 1849

Ahom Kingdom

Northeast · 1228 – 1826

Koch Kingdom (Kamata / Cooch Behar)

Northeast · 1515 – 1949

British East India Company

Pan-Indian · 1600 – 1858

Zamorins of Calicut

South · c. 1124 – 1766

Madurai Nayaks

South · 1529 – 1736

Kingdom of Kandy

Sri Lanka · c. 1469 – 1815

Dutch Ceylon

Sri Lanka · 1658 – 1796

British Ceylon

Sri Lanka · 1796 – 1948

Kachwahas of Amber (Jaipur)

West · c. 1128 – 1949

Marwar (Rathore)

West · c. 1226 – 1949

Mewar (Sisodia)

West · 1326 – 1949

Events

Year	Event	Polity
1674	Shivaji crowned Chhatrapati	Maratha Empire
1675	Execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur	Mughal Empire
1679	Aurangzeb reimposes the jizya Alienated many Rajput and other subjects.	Mughal Empire
1680	Death of Shivaji His son Sambhaji succeeded him.	Maratha Empire
1681	Aurangzeb moves to the Deccan	Mughal Empire
1686	Mughals annex Bijapur The Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur ended.	Mughal Empire
1687	Mughals annex Golconda The Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda ended.	Mughal Empire
1689	Execution of Sambhaji	Maratha Empire
1690	Job Charnock founds Calcutta Calcutta grew into the capital of British India.	British East India Company
1699	Guru Gobind Singh founds the Khalsa
1707	Death of Aurangzeb	Mughal Empire
1708	Death of Guru Gobind Singh He declared the Guru Granth Sahib the eternal Guru.
1709	Mirwais Hotak's revolt at Kandahar	Hotak Dynasty
1713	Balaji Vishwanath becomes Peshwa	Maratha Empire
1716	Execution of Banda Singh Bahadur	Mughal Empire
1717	Farrukhsiyar's farman to the East India Company	Mughal Empire
1720	Baji Rao I becomes Peshwa	Maratha Empire
1724	Battle of Shakar Kheda: Hyderabad State founded Nizam-ul-Mulk defeated the Mughal governor and founded Hyderabad State.	Hyderabad State (Nizams)
1737	Baji Rao raids Delhi	Maratha Empire
1739	Nadir Shah sacks Delhi Delhi was plundered and the Peacock Throne and Koh-i-Noor taken to Persia.	Mughal Empire
1741	Battle of Colachel Travancore defeated the Dutch, ending Dutch ambitions in Kerala.	Travancore
1742	Maratha (Bargi) raids on Bengal	Nawabs of Bengal
1746	French capture Madras (First Carnatic War)	French India
1747	Ahmad Shah Durrani founds the Durrani Empire	Durrani Empire
1749	Battle of Ambur Anwaruddin Khan was killed; Chanda Sahib, backed by the French, took Arcot.	Carnatic (Nawabs of Arcot)
1751	Siege of Arcot Clive's defence of Arcot turned the Second Carnatic War in Britain's favour.	Carnatic (Nawabs of Arcot)
1757	Battle of Plassey Siraj ud-Daulah was defeated and Mir Jafar became a Company-backed nawab.	British East India Company
1760	Battle of Wandiwash French power in India was broken.	British East India Company
1761	Third Battle of Panipat The Marathas were crushed by Ahmad Shah Durrani and their northward expansion checked.	Maratha Empire
1764	Battle of Buxar The Company defeated Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daula and Shah Alam II together.	British East India Company
1765	Diwani of Bengal granted The Company won the right to collect revenue in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.	British East India Company
1767	First Anglo-Mysore War	Kingdom of Mysore
1768	Prithvi Narayan Shah conquers Kathmandu Kathmandu became the capital of a unified Nepal.	Kingdom of Nepal — expansion era
1769	Treaty of Madras Ended the First Anglo-Mysore War with mutual restitution of conquests.	Kingdom of Mysore
1770	Great Bengal Famine	British East India Company
1773	Regulating Act; Warren Hastings Governor-General	British East India Company
1775	First Anglo-Maratha War begins	Maratha Empire
1780	Battle of Pollilur Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan destroyed a Company force under Colonel Baillie.	Kingdom of Mysore
1782	Treaty of Salbai The First Anglo-Maratha War ended with a return to the status quo.	Scindia State (Gwalior)
1784	Asiatic Society founded	British East India Company
1784	Treaty of Mangalore Ended the Second Anglo-Mysore War on the basis of mutual restitution.	Kingdom of Mysore
1792	Treaty of Seringapatam Tipu Sultan ceded half his kingdom and gave two sons as hostages.	Kingdom of Mysore
1793	Permanent Settlement of Bengal	British East India Company
1795	Battle of Kharda The Marathas defeated the Nizam of Hyderabad.	Maratha Empire
1796	British take coastal Ceylon from the Dutch Coastal Sri Lanka passed to Britain, confirmed by the Treaty of Amiens.	British Ceylon
1798	Hyderabad accepts the Subsidiary Alliance The Nizam became the first ruler to accept Wellesley's system.	Hyderabad State (Nizams)
1799	Fall of Srirangapatna Tipu Sultan was killed and the Wodeyars were restored as Company allies.	Kingdom of Mysore
1799	Ranjit Singh takes Lahore	Sikh Empire
1802	Treaty of Bassein Peshwa Baji Rao II accepted the Subsidiary Alliance.	Maratha Empire
1803	Battle of Assaye Arthur Wellesley defeated the combined Scindia and Bhonsle armies.	British East India Company
1803	British capture Delhi The Mughal emperor came under British protection.	British East India Company
1806	Vellore mutiny	British East India Company
1809	Treaty of Amritsar fixes the Sutlej frontier Ranjit Singh agreed not to expand south of the Sutlej.	Sikh Empire
1814	Anglo-Nepal War: siege of Nalapani The Gorkha garrison under Balbhadra Kunwar held out before withdrawing.	Kingdom of Nepal — expansion era
1815	Kandyan Convention The Kandyan kingdom ended and all Sri Lanka came under British rule.	Kingdom of Kandy
1816	Treaty of Sugauli Nepal ceded Kumaon, Garhwal and the Terai and accepted a British resident.	Kingdom of Nepal
1817	Battle of Khadki The Peshwa's army was defeated near Pune.	Maratha Empire
1818	Third Anglo-Maratha War ends The Peshwa's territories were annexed and the Company became the paramount power.	Maratha Empire