⚔ Wars & battles
Every battle and conquest on YugMap: who fought, where and what it led to. Click a dot or a name for the full story.
Larger dots are major battles. ♻ marks a battlefield fought over more than once.
12th century BCE · 1
6th century BCE · 2
c. 540 BCE
Bimbisara annexes Anga
Conquest / annexation · Champa · Haryanka Dynasty
c. 518 BCE
Achaemenid Persia annexes Gandhara
Conquest / annexation · Takshashila · Achaemenid Gandhara & Hindush
5th century BCE · 1
4th century BCE · 3
327 BCE
Alexander crosses the Hindu Kush into Gandhara
Conquest / annexation · Kapisa
326 BCE
Battle of the Hydaspes
Battle · Jhelum river
→ Alexander won but restored Porus as a vassal king.
c. 317 BCE
Chandragupta takes the northwest from Alexander's satraps
Conquest / annexation · Punjab · Mauryan Empire
→ Greek garrisons east of the Indus were removed.
3rd century BCE · 1
2nd century BCE · 2
c. 180 BCE
Demetrius I invades northwest India ♻
Conquest / annexation · Gandhara · Indo-Greek Kingdoms
→ Founded Indo-Greek rule south of the Hindu Kush.
c. 161 BCE
Dutugemunu unites Sri Lanka ♻
Conquest / annexation · Anuradhapura · Anuradhapura Kingdom
1st century BCE · 1
2nd century CE · 1
3rd century CE · 1
4th century CE · 1
5th century CE · 1
6th century CE · 2
c. 510 CE
Huna invasions under Toramana
Battle · Eran · Alchon Huns (Hunas)
→ The Hunas seized parts of western and central India, weakening the Guptas.
c. 528 CE
Yashodharman defeats Mihirakula
Battle · Mandsaur
→ Mihirakula's power in central India was broken.
7th century CE · 2
c. 618 CE
Pulakeshin II defeats Harsha on the Narmada
Battle · Narmada river · Chalukyas of Badami
→ The Narmada became the southern limit of Harsha's empire.
642 CE
Narasimhavarman I captures Vatapi
Battle · Badami · Pallava Dynasty
→ Pulakeshin II was killed and Narasimhavarman took the title Vatapikonda.
8th century CE · 2
712 CE
Muhammad ibn Qasim conquers Sindh
Conquest / annexation · Debal / Aror · Umayyad Caliphate — Sindh province
→ Raja Dahir was killed and Sindh became an Umayyad province.
c. 738 CE
Arab advance checked in Rajasthan
Battle · Rajasthan · Gurjara-Pratihara Empire
→ Arab expansion east of Sindh was halted for centuries.
9th century CE · 1
10th century CE · 4
c. 916 CE
Indra III sacks Kannauj ♻
Battle · Kannauj · Rashtrakuta Empire
→ The Pratiharas were temporarily driven out of Kannauj.
949 CE
Battle of Takkolam ♻
Battle · Takkolam · Rashtrakuta Empire
→ The Rashtrakutas defeated the Cholas and occupied Tondaimandalam.
c. 993 CE
Chola invasion of Sri Lanka ♻
Conquest / annexation · Anuradhapura · Chola Empire
→ Anuradhapura was sacked and the Sinhalese capital abandoned.
1000
Mahmud of Ghazni begins his raids on India
Conquest / annexation · Northwest frontier · Ghaznavid Empire
→ About seventeen raids followed over 25 years.
11th century CE · 8
1001
Mahmud defeats Jayapala at Peshawar
Battle · Peshawar · Ghaznavid Empire
→ Jayapala was captured and later abdicated.
1008
Battle of Chach ♻
Battle · Chach plain, Attock · Ghaznavid Empire
→ Anandapala's coalition was defeated, opening Punjab to Mahmud.
1017
Chola conquest of Sri Lanka completed ♻
Conquest / annexation · Anuradhapura / Polonnaruwa · Chola Empire
→ Northern Sri Lanka became the Chola province of Mummudi-chola-mandalam.
1018
Mahmud sacks Mathura and Kannauj
Battle · Mathura · Ghaznavid Empire
→ The Pratihara capital was plundered.
c. 1023
Rajendra's Ganga expedition; Gangaikonda Cholapuram founded
Conquest / annexation · Gangaikonda Cholapuram · Chola Empire
→ Chola armies reached the Ganga and a new capital commemorated the victory.
1025
Chola naval expedition to Srivijaya
Conquest / annexation · Nagapattinam · Chola Empire
→ Srivijaya's ports were raided, securing Chola trade routes to China.
1026
Mahmud of Ghazni raids Somnath
Battle · Somnath · Ghaznavid Empire
→ The Somnath temple was plundered and Mahmud carried vast treasure to Ghazni.
1070
Vijayabahu I expels the Cholas from Sri Lanka
Conquest / annexation · Polonnaruwa · Polonnaruwa Kingdom
→ Sinhalese rule was restored with its capital at Polonnaruwa.
12th century CE · 6
1175
Muhammad of Ghor takes Multan
Conquest / annexation · Multan · Ghurid Empire
1178
Battle of Kasahrada: Ghurids defeated
Battle · Mount Abu · Chaulukyas (Solankis) of Gujarat
→ Muhammad of Ghor was repulsed from Gujarat.
1186
Ghurids take Lahore, ending the Ghaznavids ♻
Conquest / annexation · Lahore · Ghurid Empire
→ The last Ghaznavid ruler, Khusrau Malik, was captured.
1191
First Battle of Tarain ♻
Battle · Tarain · Chahamanas (Chauhans) of Shakambhari
→ Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Muhammad of Ghor, who retreated wounded.
1192
Second Battle of Tarain ♻
Battle · Tarain · Ghurid Empire
→ Prithviraj Chauhan was defeated and killed, opening north India to the Ghurids.
1194
Battle of Chandawar
Battle · Chandawar · Ghurid Empire
→ Jayachandra was killed and the Ghurids took Kannauj and Varanasi.
13th century CE · 4
c. 1204
Bakhtiyar Khalji takes Nadia
Conquest / annexation · Nabadwip · Ghurid Empire
→ Lakshmana Sena fled to east Bengal and Turkish rule began in Bengal.
1221
Chinggis Khan pursues Jalal ad-Din to the Indus ♻
Battle · Indus river
→ Jalal ad-Din escaped across the Indus and Iltutmish refused him asylum.
1296
Alauddin Khalji raids Devagiri
Battle · Devagiri · Khalji Dynasty
1299
Mongols defeated at Kili ♻
Battle · Kili, near Delhi · Khalji Dynasty
→ Alauddin Khalji's army repelled Qutlugh Khwaja's Mongol invasion.
14th century CE · 7
1301
Alauddin Khalji takes Ranthambore
Conquest / annexation · Ranthambore · Khalji Dynasty
→ Hammiradeva Chauhan was killed.
1303
Siege of Chittorgarh ♻
Battle · Chittorgarh · Khalji Dynasty
→ Chittor fell to Alauddin Khalji after a long siege.
1310
Malik Kafur takes Warangal ♻
Conquest / annexation · Warangal · Khalji Dynasty
→ The Kakatiya ruler Prataparudra became a tributary of Delhi.
1311
Malik Kafur's southern campaign reaches Madurai ♻
Conquest / annexation · Madurai · Khalji Dynasty
→ The Pandya capital was plundered and its treasure carried to Delhi.
1323
Fall of the Kakatiyas ♻
Conquest / annexation · Warangal · Tughlaq Dynasty
→ Warangal was annexed and the Kakatiya dynasty ended.
1378
Vijayanagara annexes the Madurai Sultanate ♻
Conquest / annexation · Madurai · Sangama Dynasty
→ Kumara Kampana's campaign ended the Madurai Sultanate.
1398
Timur sacks Delhi ♻
Battle · Delhi · Tughlaq Dynasty
→ Delhi was devastated and the Tughlaq sultanate never recovered.
16th century CE · 18
1509
Battle of Diu
Battle · Diu · Portuguese Estado da Índia
→ Portuguese naval supremacy in the Arabian Sea was established.
1510
Portuguese capture Goa
Conquest / annexation · Goa · Portuguese Estado da Índia
→ Goa became the capital of the Portuguese Estado da Índia until 1961.
1520
Krishnadevaraya takes Raichur
Battle · Raichur · Tuluva Dynasty
→ Vijayanagara won the Raichur doab from Bijapur.
1526
First Battle of Panipat ♻
Battle · Panipat · Mughal Empire
→ Ibrahim Lodi was killed and Babur founded the Mughal Empire.
1527
Battle of Khanwa
Battle · Khanwa · Mughal Empire
→ Babur defeated Rana Sanga's Rajput confederacy, securing Mughal rule in the north.
1529
Battle of the Ghaghra ♻
Battle · Ghaghra river · Mughal Empire
→ Babur defeated the Afghan chiefs of the east.
1535
Humayun takes Mandu and Champaner
Conquest / annexation · Champaner · Mughal Empire
1539
Battle of Chausa ♻
Battle · Chausa · Sur Empire
→ Humayun was defeated and escaped by swimming the Ganga.
1540
Battle of Kannauj ♻
Battle · Kannauj · Sur Empire
→ Humayun fled into exile and Sher Shah founded the Sur Empire.
1555
Humayun recovers Delhi (Battle of Sirhind)
Battle · Sirhind · Mughal Empire
→ Humayun regained his throne from the Surs.
1556
Second Battle of Panipat ♻
Battle · Panipat · Mughal Empire
→ Hemu was captured and killed, securing Akbar's throne.
1558
Portuguese occupy Malé
Conquest / annexation · Malé · Portuguese Malé
1565
Battle of Talikota
Battle · Talikota · Tuluva Dynasty
→ Vijayanagara's army was routed and its capital Hampi was sacked.
1568
Akbar takes Chittorgarh ♻
Battle · Chittorgarh · Mughal Empire
→ Chittor fell and Rana Udai Singh moved his capital to Udaipur.
1573
Akbar conquers Gujarat
Conquest / annexation · Ahmedabad · Mughal Empire
1576
Battle of Haldighati
Battle · Haldighati · Mewar (Sisodia)
→ The Mughals held the field but Maharana Pratap escaped to continue resisting.
1576
Battle of Rajmahal: Mughals take Bengal
Battle · Rajmahal · Mughal Empire
→ Daud Khan Karrani was killed and Bengal became a Mughal province.
1586
Mughals annex Kashmir ♻
Conquest / annexation · Srinagar · Mughal Empire
17th century CE · 8
1601
Asirgarh falls to Akbar
Conquest / annexation · Asirgarh · Mughal Empire
1612
Battle of Swally ♻
Battle · Suvali near Surat · British East India Company
→ The English defeated the Portuguese and won trading rights at Surat.
1656
Dutch take Colombo from the Portuguese ♻
Conquest / annexation · Colombo · Dutch Ceylon
→ Portuguese rule in Sri Lanka ended by 1658.
1659
Shivaji kills Afzal Khan at Pratapgad
Battle · Pratapgad
→ Bijapur's army was routed and Shivaji's power grew.
1664
Shivaji sacks Surat ♻
Battle · Surat
1671
Battle of Saraighat
Battle · Saraighat, Guwahati · Ahom Kingdom
→ The Ahoms defeated the Mughals, keeping Assam independent.
1686
Mughals annex Bijapur
Conquest / annexation · Bijapur · Mughal Empire
→ The Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur ended.
1687
Mughals annex Golconda
Conquest / annexation · Golconda · Mughal Empire
→ The Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda ended.
18th century CE · 19
1724
Battle of Shakar Kheda: Hyderabad State founded
Battle · Shakar Kheda · Hyderabad State (Nizams)
→ Nizam-ul-Mulk defeated the Mughal governor and founded Hyderabad State.
1737
Baji Rao raids Delhi ♻
Battle · Delhi · Maratha Empire
1739
Nadir Shah sacks Delhi ♻
Battle · Karnal / Delhi · Mughal Empire
→ Delhi was plundered and the Peacock Throne and Koh-i-Noor taken to Persia.
1741
Battle of Colachel
Battle · Colachel · Travancore
→ Travancore defeated the Dutch, ending Dutch ambitions in Kerala.
1742
Maratha (Bargi) raids on Bengal
Battle · Murshidabad · Nawabs of Bengal
1746
French capture Madras (First Carnatic War)
Battle · Chennai · French India
1749
Battle of Ambur
Battle · Ambur · Carnatic (Nawabs of Arcot)
→ Anwaruddin Khan was killed; Chanda Sahib, backed by the French, took Arcot.
1751
Siege of Arcot
Battle · Arcot · Carnatic (Nawabs of Arcot)
→ Clive's defence of Arcot turned the Second Carnatic War in Britain's favour.
1757
Battle of Plassey
Battle · Palashi · British East India Company
→ Siraj ud-Daulah was defeated and Mir Jafar became a Company-backed nawab.
1760
Battle of Wandiwash
Battle · Vandavasi · British East India Company
→ French power in India was broken.
1761
Third Battle of Panipat ♻
Battle · Panipat · Maratha Empire
→ The Marathas were crushed by Ahmad Shah Durrani and their northward expansion checked.
1764
Battle of Buxar ♻
Battle · Buxar · British East India Company
→ The Company defeated Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daula and Shah Alam II together.
1767
First Anglo-Mysore War ♻
Battle · Mysore · Kingdom of Mysore
1768
Prithvi Narayan Shah conquers Kathmandu
Conquest / annexation · Kathmandu · Kingdom of Nepal — expansion era
→ Kathmandu became the capital of a unified Nepal.
1775
First Anglo-Maratha War begins ♻
Battle · Pune · Maratha Empire
1780
Battle of Pollilur ♻
Battle · Pollilur · Kingdom of Mysore
→ Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan destroyed a Company force under Colonel Baillie.
1795
Battle of Kharda
Battle · Kharda · Maratha Empire
→ The Marathas defeated the Nizam of Hyderabad.
1796
British take coastal Ceylon from the Dutch ♻
Conquest / annexation · Colombo · British Ceylon
→ Coastal Sri Lanka passed to Britain, confirmed by the Treaty of Amiens.
1799
Fall of Srirangapatna ♻
Battle · Srirangapatna · Kingdom of Mysore
→ Tipu Sultan was killed and the Wodeyars were restored as Company allies.
19th century CE · 13
1803
Battle of Assaye
Battle · Assaye · British East India Company
→ Arthur Wellesley defeated the combined Scindia and Bhonsle armies.
1803
British capture Delhi ♻
Conquest / annexation · Delhi · British East India Company
→ The Mughal emperor came under British protection.
1814
Anglo-Nepal War: siege of Nalapani
Battle · Nalapani, Dehradun · Kingdom of Nepal — expansion era
→ The Gorkha garrison under Balbhadra Kunwar held out before withdrawing.
1817
Battle of Khadki ♻
Battle · Khadki · Maratha Empire
→ The Peshwa's army was defeated near Pune.
1824
Kittur revolt against the Company
Battle · Kittur
→ Rani Chennamma won an early victory but was captured in a second assault.
1839
First Anglo-Afghan War begins ♻
Battle · Kabul · Emirate of Afghanistan
→ Shah Shuja was installed in Kabul, but British forces were destroyed in 1842.
1842
British retreat from Kabul
Battle · Gandamak · Emirate of Afghanistan
→ Almost the entire retreating British column was annihilated.
1843
Annexation of Sindh
Conquest / annexation · Hyderabad (Sindh) · British East India Company
→ Sindh was annexed after the Battle of Miani.
1845
First Anglo-Sikh War
Battle · Ferozeshah · Sikh Empire
→ The Sikhs ceded the Jullundur Doab and paid an indemnity.
1849
Punjab annexed ♻
Conquest / annexation · Lahore · British East India Company
→ The Sikh Empire ended and Maharaja Duleep Singh was pensioned off.
1856
Awadh annexed
Conquest / annexation · Lucknow · British East India Company
→ Wajid Ali Shah was deposed on the charge of misgovernance.
1858
Rani Lakshmibai falls at Gwalior
Battle · Gwalior
1878
Second Anglo-Afghan War ♻
Battle · Kabul · Emirate of Afghanistan
20th century CE · 11
1944
Battles of Imphal and Kohima
Battle · Kohima · British Raj (Crown Rule)
→ Allied victory; the Japanese and INA were forced to retreat.
1947
First Kashmir war ♻
Battle · Srinagar
1962
Sino-Indian War
Battle · Tawang · Republic of India
→ China declared a ceasefire after advancing in the east and in Aksai Chin.
1965
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 ♻
Battle · Lahore sector · Republic of India
→ The war ended in a UN-backed ceasefire.
1971
Bangladesh Liberation War ♻
Battle · Eastern front · Republic of India
→ Bangladesh became an independent nation.
1971
Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 ♻
Battle · Dhaka · Republic of India
→ Pakistan's Eastern Command surrendered on 16 December 1971.
1979
Soviet intervention in Afghanistan ♻
Battle · Kabul · Afghanistan
1983
Sri Lankan civil war begins
Battle · Jaffna · Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
1984
Operation Blue Star ♻
Battle · Amritsar · Republic of India
1996
Civil war begins in Nepal
Battle · Rolpa · Kingdom of Nepal
1999
Kargil War
Battle · Kargil · Republic of India
→ India recaptured the heights that had been occupied.