YugMap Bharat, artharth India
State & UT profiles › Tamil Nadu

🗺 State & UT profiles

Tamil Nadu

Population (2011)72,138,958
Density (per sq km)555
Urban population (%)48.45
Kingdoms and empires20
Events on the map22

🗺 Geography

⛰ Land and rivers

Physiographic divisions: The Coastal Plains (part of the state)

Mountains & hills: The Western Ghats (part of the state), The Eastern Ghats (part of the state)

Rivers: Kaveri

Physical India →

⚠ Natural hazards

  • Floods — Floods in November–January

Natural hazards →

🌿 Protected areas and natural heritage

Biosphere reserves: Nilgiri (1986), Gulf of Mannar (1989), Agasthyamalai (2001)

Ramsar wetlands (20): Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary, Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary, Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary, Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve, Vembannur Wetland Complex, Vellode Bird Sanctuary, Udhayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary, Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary, Karikili Bird Sanctuary, Pallikaranai Marsh Reserve Forest, Pichavaram Mangrove, Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary, Suchindram Theroor Wetland Complex, Vaduvur Bird Sanctuary, Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary, Longwood Shola Reserve Forest, Kazhuveli Bird Sanctuary, Nanjarayan Bird Sanctuary, Sakkarakottai Bird Sanctuary, Therthangal Bird Sanctuary

Tiger reserves (5): Kalakad Mundanthurai, Anamalai, Mudumalai, Sathyamangalam, Srivilliputhur Megamalai

Climate & life → · Water & protected areas →

🏭 Resources and economy

Crops: Ragi, Sugarcane, Groundnut, Tea, Coffee, Rubber, Cotton

Minerals & energy: Coal, Wind power

Industries: Cotton textiles, Sugar, Aluminium smelting, Fertilisers

Major ports: V.O. Chidambaranar (Tuticorin), Chennai

Resources & economy →

📜 History

👑 Who held this land

Kingdoms, empires and cultures whose territory, as drawn on our map, covered a large part of today’s Tamil Nadu, or that were based here. Extents are approximate, so treat this as a guide to who held the region — not as exact borders.

Early Pandyas (Sangam era) c. 400 BCE – c. 300 CE · based here
Early Cholas (Sangam era) c. 300 BCE – c. 300 CE · based here
Sangam-era Tamil Chieftaincies (Velir) c. 300 BCE – c. 300 CE · based here
Kalabhra Interregnum c. 250 CE – c. 600 CE · based here
Pallava Dynasty c. 275 CE – c. 897 CE · based here
Pandya Kingdom (First Empire) c. 590 CE – c. 920 CE · based here
Chola Empire c. 848 CE – 1279 · based here
Pandya Empire (Second Empire) c. 1190 – 1345 · based here
Delhi Sultanate 1206 – 1526
Madurai Sultanate 1335 – 1378 · based here
Vijayanagara Empire 1336 – 1646
Kingdom of Mysore 1399 – 1950
Madurai Nayaks 1529 – 1736 · based here
Thanjavur Nayaks 1532 – 1673 · based here
British East India Company 1600 – 1858
Dutch Coromandel (Pulicat) 1610 – 1825 · based here
Danish Tranquebar 1620 – 1845 · based here
Fort St George, Madras 1639 – 1858 · based here
Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom 1674 – 1855 · based here
Carnatic (Nawabs of Arcot) 1692 – 1855 · based here
400 BCE1950

📅 Events in Tamil Nadu

🏛 Historic places

Mahabalipuramc. 630 CEBrihadisvara Temple1010

🎨 People and culture

👥 2011 Census

Population
72,138,958
Share of India’s population (%)
5.96
Density (per sq km)
555
Decadal growth 2001–11 (%)
15.6
Urban population (%)
48.45
Work participation rate (%)
45.6

People →

🎨 Art & culture

Classical dances: Bharatanatyam

Art & culture →

Geography: features are those on our Geography map that cover a good part of the state (or that NCERT places in it); hazards, reserves, crops, minerals, industries and ports are where NCERT, UNESCO or the Ramsar list name or place them. Census figures are for 2011, as NCERT prints them.

How this is made: nothing here is new — it is YugMap’s own map data sorted by today’s states. A kingdom is listed if its territory on our map covered at least 40% of the state at some point, or if its centre or capital lies here; events and places are listed where their map point falls inside the state. State outlines follow India’s official map.