Bahmani & Deccan Sultanates

Name	Type	Span	Region	Capital
Bahmani Sultanate ★	Sultanate	1347 – 1527	Deccan	Gulbarga, later Bidar
Ahmadnagar Sultanate (Nizam Shahi)	Sultanate	1490 – 1636	Deccan	Ahmadnagar
Bijapur Sultanate (Adil Shahi)	Sultanate	1490 – 1686	Deccan	Bijapur
Berar Sultanate (Imad Shahi)	Sultanate	1490 – 1574	Deccan	Ellichpur
Bidar Sultanate (Barid Shahi)	Sultanate	1492 – 1619	Deccan	Bidar
Golconda Sultanate (Qutb Shahi)	Sultanate	1518 – 1687	Deccan	Golconda / Hyderabad

Also existing during this period

Malwa Sultanate

Central · 1392 – 1562

Portuguese Cochin

Coastal · 1503 – 1663

Portuguese Estado da Índia

Coastal · 1505 – 1961

Portuguese Bassein & Bombay

Coastal · 1534 – 1739

Portuguese Diu

Coastal · 1535 – 1961

Portuguese Daman

Coastal · 1559 – 1961

Portuguese Hooghly

Coastal · 1579 – 1632

Dutch East India Company (VOC) in India

Coastal · 1605 – 1825

Dutch Coromandel (Pulicat)

Coastal · 1610 – 1825

Danish India

Coastal · 1620 – 1869

Danish Tranquebar

Coastal · 1620 – 1845

Fort St George, Madras

Coastal · 1639 – 1858

Dutch Chinsurah

Coastal · 1656 – 1825

Dutch Malabar (Cochin)

Coastal · 1663 – 1795

French India

Coastal · 1668 – 1954

Bombay (English East India Company)

Coastal · 1668 – 1858

Chandernagore

Coastal · 1673 – 1950

Pondichéry

Coastal · 1674 – 1954

Maratha Empire

Deccan · 1674 – 1818

Eastern Ganga Dynasty

East · c. 1078 – 1434

Bengal Sultanate

East · 1352 – 1576

Gajapati Kingdom

East · 1434 – 1541

Jaunpur (Sharqi) Sultanate

Gangetic Plain · 1394 – 1479

Khasa Malla Kingdom

Himalaya · c. 1100 – c. 1400

Malla Dynasty of Nepal

Himalaya · 1201 – 1769

Gorkha Kingdom

Himalaya · 1559 – 1768

Bhutan under the Zhabdrung (Druk Desi)

Himalaya · 1616 – 1907

Sultanate of the Maldives

Islands · c. 1153 – 1968

Delhi Sultanate

North · 1206 – 1526

Kashmir Sultanate

North · 1339 – 1586

Mughal Empire

North · 1526 – 1857

Sur Empire

North · 1540 – 1556

Ahom Kingdom

Northeast · 1228 – 1826

Koch Kingdom (Kamata / Cooch Behar)

Northeast · 1515 – 1949

Soomra Dynasty

Northwest · c. 1026 – 1351

Samma Dynasty

Northwest · 1351 – 1524

Timurid Empire (Herat)

Northwest · 1370 – 1507

British East India Company

Pan-Indian · 1600 – 1858

Zamorins of Calicut

South · c. 1124 – 1766

Madurai Sultanate

South · 1335 – 1378

Vijayanagara Empire

South · 1336 – 1646

Kingdom of Mysore

South · 1399 – 1950

Madurai Nayaks

South · 1529 – 1736

Jaffna Kingdom

Sri Lanka · c. 1215 – 1619

Kingdom of Kotte

Sri Lanka · 1412 – 1597

Kingdom of Kandy

Sri Lanka · c. 1469 – 1815

Portuguese Ceylon

Sri Lanka · 1597 – 1658

Dutch Ceylon

Sri Lanka · 1658 – 1796

Kachwahas of Amber (Jaipur)

West · c. 1128 – 1949

Marwar (Rathore)

West · c. 1226 – 1949

Mewar (Sisodia)

West · 1326 – 1949

Gujarat Sultanate

West · 1407 – 1573

Events

Year	Event	Polity
1347	Bahmani Sultanate founded	Bahmani Sultanate
1351	Firuz Shah Tughlaq becomes sultan	Tughlaq Dynasty
1352	Ilyas Shah unifies Bengal	Bengal Sultanate
1378	Vijayanagara annexes the Madurai Sultanate Kumara Kampana's campaign ended the Madurai Sultanate.	Sangama Dynasty
1382	Jayasthiti Malla's reforms in Nepal	Malla Dynasty of Nepal
1398	Timur sacks Delhi Delhi was devastated and the Tughlaq sultanate never recovered.	Tughlaq Dynasty
1407	Gujarat Sultanate becomes independent	Gujarat Sultanate
1411	Ahmedabad founded	Gujarat Sultanate
1412	Parakramabahu VI unifies Sri Lanka from Kotte	Kingdom of Kotte
1414	Khizr Khan founds the Sayyid dynasty	Sayyid Dynasty
1420	Nicolò de' Conti visits Vijayanagara	Sangama Dynasty
1443	Abdur Razzaq's embassy to Vijayanagara	Sangama Dynasty
c. 1450	Kabir's poetry in Varanasi
c. 1450	Sixty Dome Mosque at Bagerhat	Bengal Sultanate
1451	Bahlul Lodi founds the Lodi dynasty	Lodi Dynasty
1459	Rao Jodha founds Jodhpur Mehrangarh fort became the Rathore capital.	Marwar (Rathore)
1469	Birth of Guru Nanak
c. 1469	Kingdom of Kandy emerges	Kingdom of Kandy
1482	Nepal valley divides into three Malla kingdoms	Malla Dynasty of Nepal
1490	Bijapur and Ahmadnagar break from the Bahmanis	Bijapur Sultanate (Adil Shahi)
1498	Vasco da Gama reaches Calicut The direct sea route from Europe to India was opened.	Zamorins of Calicut
1504	Sikandar Lodi founds Agra Agra became the Lodi and later Mughal capital.	Lodi Dynasty
1505	Portuguese reach Sri Lanka	Kingdom of Kotte
1509	Krishnadevaraya's accession	Tuluva Dynasty
1509	Battle of Diu Portuguese naval supremacy in the Arabian Sea was established.	Portuguese Estado da Índia
1510	Portuguese capture Goa Goa became the capital of the Portuguese Estado da Índia until 1961.	Portuguese Estado da Índia
1520	Krishnadevaraya takes Raichur Vijayanagara won the Raichur doab from Bijapur.	Tuluva Dynasty
1526	First Battle of Panipat Ibrahim Lodi was killed and Babur founded the Mughal Empire.	Mughal Empire
1527	Battle of Khanwa Babur defeated Rana Sanga's Rajput confederacy, securing Mughal rule in the north.	Mughal Empire
1529	Battle of the Ghaghra Babur defeated the Afghan chiefs of the east.	Mughal Empire
1530	Death of Babur; Humayun succeeds	Mughal Empire
1535	Humayun takes Mandu and Champaner	Mughal Empire
1539	Battle of Chausa Humayun was defeated and escaped by swimming the Ganga.	Sur Empire
1540	Battle of Kannauj Humayun fled into exile and Sher Shah founded the Sur Empire.	Sur Empire
1541	Rohtas Fort begun by Sher Shah	Sur Empire
1545	Death of Sher Shah at Kalinjar	Sur Empire
1555	Humayun recovers Delhi (Battle of Sirhind) Humayun regained his throne from the Surs.	Mughal Empire
1556	Second Battle of Panipat Hemu was captured and killed, securing Akbar's throne.	Mughal Empire
1558	Portuguese occupy Malé	Portuguese Malé
1559	Drabya Shah founds the Gorkha kingdom	Gorkha Kingdom
1564	Akbar abolishes the jizya	Mughal Empire
1565	Battle of Talikota Vijayanagara's army was routed and its capital Hampi was sacked.	Tuluva Dynasty
1568	Akbar takes Chittorgarh Chittor fell and Rana Udai Singh moved his capital to Udaipur.	Mughal Empire
1571	Fatehpur Sikri founded	Mughal Empire
1573	Akbar conquers Gujarat	Mughal Empire
1573	Muhammad Thakurufaanu frees the Maldives The Portuguese were expelled after fifteen years.	Sultanate of the Maldives
1576	Battle of Haldighati The Mughals held the field but Maharana Pratap escaped to continue resisting.	Mewar (Sisodia)
1576	Battle of Rajmahal: Mughals take Bengal Daud Khan Karrani was killed and Bengal became a Mughal province.	Mughal Empire
1580	Akbar organises the empire into subahs The empire was divided into twelve provinces with uniform administration.	Mughal Empire
1582	Akbar's Din-i-Ilahi	Mughal Empire
1586	Mughals annex Kashmir	Mughal Empire
1591	Charminar built	Golconda Sultanate (Qutb Shahi)
1600	East India Company chartered	British East India Company
1601	Asirgarh falls to Akbar	Mughal Empire
1602	Dutch East India Company (VOC) founded	Dutch East India Company (VOC) in India
1604	Adi Granth installed at Harmandir Sahib
1605	Death of Akbar	Mughal Empire
1606	Execution of Guru Arjan Dev Sikhism began to take on a militant character under Guru Hargobind.	Mughal Empire
1611	English factory at Masulipatnam	British East India Company
1612	Battle of Swally The English defeated the Portuguese and won trading rights at Surat.	British East India Company
1615	Sir Thomas Roe at Jahangir's court	Mughal Empire
1616	Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal arrives in Bhutan	Bhutan under the Zhabdrung (Druk Desi)
1628	Shah Jahan becomes emperor	Mughal Empire
1632	Taj Mahal construction begins	Mughal Empire
1639	Fort St George founded at Madras	Fort St George, Madras
1646	Last Vijayanagara stronghold falls	Aravidu Dynasty
1648	Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi) inaugurated	Mughal Empire
1653	Taj Mahal completed	Mughal Empire
1656	Dutch take Colombo from the Portuguese Portuguese rule in Sri Lanka ended by 1658.	Dutch Ceylon
1658	Aurangzeb becomes emperor	Mughal Empire
1659	Shivaji kills Afzal Khan at Pratapgad Bijapur's army was routed and Shivaji's power grew.
1661	Bombay passes to England	Portuguese Bassein & Bombay
1664	Shivaji sacks Surat
1665	Treaty of Purandar Shivaji ceded 23 forts to the Mughals and agreed to attend Aurangzeb's court.
1666	Shivaji escapes from Agra
1671	Battle of Saraighat The Ahoms defeated the Mughals, keeping Assam independent.	Ahom Kingdom
1674	Shivaji crowned Chhatrapati	Maratha Empire
1675	Execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur	Mughal Empire
1679	Aurangzeb reimposes the jizya Alienated many Rajput and other subjects.	Mughal Empire
1680	Death of Shivaji His son Sambhaji succeeded him.	Maratha Empire
1681	Aurangzeb moves to the Deccan	Mughal Empire
1686	Mughals annex Bijapur The Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur ended.	Mughal Empire
1687	Mughals annex Golconda The Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda ended.	Mughal Empire