⛰ Mountains & hills · Northern and North-eastern Mountains
Hindukush and Sulaiman ranges
Maps show India’s boundaries as officially depicted by the Government of India. Rivers, ranges and regions are drawn from Natural Earth’s public-domain data and are approximate.
The north-western edge of the Indian subcontinent. With the Himalayas in the north, the Purvachal hills in the north-east and the Indian Ocean in the south, they make the subcontinent a single geographic entity. The Indus’s right-bank tributaries — the Khurram, Tochi, Gomal, Viboa and Sangar — rise in the Sulaiman ranges.
📘 NCERT Class 11, India: Physical Environment, Ch. 1 (India – Location) ↗
How we check: every fact is written from NCERT Class 11, India: Physical Environment (chapters 1–3), and our build fails unless key phrases from each passage are found in the chapter’s own text. Lengths, heights and areas are given only as NCERT gives them. Shapes come from Natural Earth’s public-domain physical data; features with no reliable map data are described but not drawn.