Events
Battles, foundings, treaties and turning points. Click a year to open the map at that moment.
6th century CE · 2
| c. 550 CE | Colossal Buddhas carved at Bamiyan Cultural / religious | Bamiyan | |
| c. 550 CE |
Fall of the imperial Guptas Decline / collapse
North India fragmented among the Maukharis, Later Guptas and others. |
Magadha | Gupta Empire |
7th century CE · 9
| 606 CE | Harsha becomes king Founding / accession | Thanesar | Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) Dynasty |
| c. 612 CE |
Harsha makes Kannauj his capital Political
Kannauj became the imperial city of north India. |
Kannauj | Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) Dynasty |
| c. 618 CE |
Pulakeshin II defeats Harsha on the Narmada Battle
The Narmada became the southern limit of Harsha's empire. |
Narmada river | Chalukyas of Badami |
| 634 CE | Aihole inscription of Ravikirti Cultural / religious | Aihole | Chalukyas of Badami |
| c. 636 CE |
Xuanzang studies at Nalanda Cultural / religious
Chinese pilgrim travelled in India c. 630-645. |
Nalanda | Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) Dynasty |
| 642 CE |
Narasimhavarman I captures Vatapi Battle
Pulakeshin II was killed and Narasimhavarman took the title Vatapikonda. |
Badami | Pallava Dynasty |
| 643 CE | Harsha's assemblies at Kannauj and Prayag Cultural / religious | Kannauj | Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) Dynasty |
| 647 CE | Death of Harsha Decline / collapse | Kannauj | Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) Dynasty |
| c. 700 CE | Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram Cultural / religious | Mahabalipuram | Pallava Dynasty |
8th century CE · 8
| 712 CE |
Muhammad ibn Qasim conquers Sindh Conquest / annexation
Raja Dahir killed; Sindh joins the Umayyad Caliphate. Raja Dahir was killed and Sindh became an Umayyad province. |
Debal / Aror | Umayyad Caliphate — Sindh province |
| c. 738 CE |
Arab advance checked in Rajasthan Battle
Nagabhata I and the Chalukyas of Gujarat halt Arab expansion. Arab expansion east of Sindh was halted for centuries. |
Rajasthan | Gurjara-Pratihara Empire |
| c. 740 CE | Lalitaditya's Martand Sun Temple Cultural / religious | Martand | Karkota Dynasty of Kashmir |
| c. 750 CE |
Gopala elected king in Bengal Founding / accession
Foundation of the Pala dynasty. |
Bengal | Pala Empire |
| c. 753 CE | Dantidurga founds Rashtrakuta power Founding / accession | Ellora region | Rashtrakuta Empire |
| c. 757 CE | Kailasa temple, Ellora begun Cultural / religious | Ellora | Rashtrakuta Empire |
| c. 788 CE | Adi Shankaracharya born (traditional) Cultural / religious | Kalady | |
| c. 800 CE | Vikramashila university founded Cultural / religious | Vikramashila | Pala Empire |
9th century CE · 3
| c. 816 CE |
Nagabhata II captures Kannauj Conquest / annexation
Kannauj becomes the Pratihara capital; climax of the tripartite struggle. Kannauj became the Pratihara capital. |
Kannauj | Gurjara-Pratihara Empire |
| c. 850 CE |
Amoghavarsha's Kavirajamarga Cultural / religious
Earliest extant Kannada literary work. |
Manyakheta | Rashtrakuta Empire |
| 879 CE | Nepal Samvat era begins Political | Kathmandu | Thakuri Kingdom of Nepal |
10th century CE · 6
| c. 916 CE |
Indra III sacks Kannauj Battle
The Pratiharas were temporarily driven out of Kannauj. |
Kannauj | Rashtrakuta Empire |
| 949 CE |
Battle of Takkolam Battle
Krishna III defeats the Cholas. The Rashtrakutas defeated the Cholas and occupied Tondaimandalam. |
Takkolam | Rashtrakuta Empire |
| 973 CE |
Tailapa II overthrows the Rashtrakutas Founding / accession
The Western Chalukya dynasty of Kalyani was founded. |
Manyakheta | Western Chalukyas of Kalyani |
| 985 CE | Rajaraja I becomes Chola king Founding / accession | Thanjavur | Chola Empire |
| c. 993 CE |
Chola invasion of Sri Lanka Conquest / annexation
Anuradhapura was sacked and the Sinhalese capital abandoned. |
Anuradhapura | Chola Empire |
| 1000 |
Mahmud of Ghazni begins his raids on India Conquest / annexation
About seventeen raids followed over 25 years. |
Northwest frontier | Ghaznavid Empire |
11th century CE · 13
| 1001 |
Mahmud defeats Jayapala at Peshawar Battle
Jayapala was captured and later abdicated. |
Peshawar | Ghaznavid Empire |
| 1008 |
Battle of Chach Battle
Anandapala defeated. Anandapala's coalition was defeated, opening Punjab to Mahmud. |
Chach plain, Attock | Ghaznavid Empire |
| 1010 |
Brihadisvara Temple completed Cultural / religious
Rajaraja I's great temple. |
Thanjavur | Chola Empire |
| 1014 | Rajendra I becomes Chola king Founding / accession | Thanjavur | Chola Empire |
| 1017 |
Chola conquest of Sri Lanka completed Conquest / annexation
Northern Sri Lanka became the Chola province of Mummudi-chola-mandalam. |
Anuradhapura / Polonnaruwa | Chola Empire |
| 1018 |
Mahmud sacks Mathura and Kannauj Battle
The Pratihara capital was plundered. |
Mathura | Ghaznavid Empire |
| c. 1023 |
Rajendra's Ganga expedition; Gangaikonda Cholapuram founded Conquest / annexation
Chola armies reached the Ganga and a new capital commemorated the victory. |
Gangaikonda Cholapuram | Chola Empire |
| 1025 |
Chola naval expedition to Srivijaya Conquest / annexation
Rajendra I raids Kadaram and the Srivijaya ports. Srivijaya's ports were raided, securing Chola trade routes to China. |
Nagapattinam | Chola Empire |
| 1026 |
Mahmud of Ghazni raids Somnath Battle
The Somnath temple was plundered and Mahmud carried vast treasure to Ghazni. |
Somnath | Ghaznavid Empire |
| 1030 | Al-Biruni writes the Kitab al-Hind Cultural / religious | Ghazni | Ghaznavid Empire |
| c. 1055 |
Death of Raja Bhoja Decline / collapse
Paramara power declined under attack from the Chaulukyas and Kalachuris. |
Dhar | Paramara Dynasty |
| 1070 |
Vijayabahu I expels the Cholas from Sri Lanka Conquest / annexation
Sinhalese rule was restored with its capital at Polonnaruwa. |
Polonnaruwa | Polonnaruwa Kingdom |
| 1076 | Chalukya-Vikrama era of Vikramaditya VI Political | Kalyani | Western Chalukyas of Kalyani |
12th century CE · 13
| c. 1135 | Jagannath temple at Puri begun Cultural / religious | Puri | Eastern Ganga Dynasty |
| 1148 | Kalhana begins the Rajatarangini Cultural / religious | Kashmir | Lohara Dynasty of Kashmir |
| 1153 | The Maldives converts to Islam Cultural / religious | Malé | Sultanate of the Maldives |
| 1153 | Parakramabahu I rules Sri Lanka Founding / accession | Polonnaruwa | Polonnaruwa Kingdom |
| c. 1161 |
End of the Pala dynasty Decline / collapse
The Senas became the leading power in Bengal. |
Bengal | Pala Empire |
| 1175 | Muhammad of Ghor takes Multan Conquest / annexation | Multan | Ghurid Empire |
| 1178 |
Battle of Kasahrada: Ghurids defeated Battle
Muhammad of Ghor was repulsed from Gujarat. |
Mount Abu | Chaulukyas (Solankis) of Gujarat |
| 1186 |
Ghurids take Lahore, ending the Ghaznavids Conquest / annexation
The last Ghaznavid ruler, Khusrau Malik, was captured. |
Lahore | Ghurid Empire |
| c. 1190 | Minaret of Jam built Cultural / religious | Jam | Ghurid Empire |
| 1191 |
First Battle of Tarain Battle
Prithviraj Chauhan defeats Muhammad of Ghor. Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Muhammad of Ghor, who retreated wounded. |
Tarain | Chahamanas (Chauhans) of Shakambhari |
| 1192 |
Second Battle of Tarain Battle
Muhammad of Ghor defeats Prithviraj; Turkish rule in north India begins. Prithviraj Chauhan was defeated and killed, opening north India to the Ghurids. |
Tarain | Ghurid Empire |
| 1194 |
Battle of Chandawar Battle
Jayachandra of the Gahadavalas killed. Jayachandra was killed and the Ghurids took Kannauj and Varanasi. |
Chandawar | Ghurid Empire |
| c. 1200 |
Destruction of Nalanda Decline / collapse
Attributed to Bakhtiyar Khalji's campaigns (c. 1193-1200). |
Nalanda |
13th century CE · 17
| c. 1203 | Destruction of Vikramashila Decline / collapse | Vikramashila | |
| c. 1204 |
Bakhtiyar Khalji takes Nadia Conquest / annexation
Lakshmana Sena fled to east Bengal and Turkish rule began in Bengal. |
Nabadwip | Ghurid Empire |
| 1206 |
Delhi Sultanate founded Founding / accession
Qutbuddin Aibak becomes independent after Muhammad of Ghor's death. |
Delhi / Lahore | Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty |
| 1211 | Iltutmish becomes sultan Founding / accession | Delhi | Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty |
| 1221 |
Chinggis Khan pursues Jalal ad-Din to the Indus Battle
Jalal ad-Din escaped across the Indus and Iltutmish refused him asylum. |
Indus river | |
| 1228 | Sukaphaa founds the Ahom kingdom Founding / accession | Charaideo | Ahom Kingdom |
| 1229 | Iltutmish receives caliphal investiture Political | Delhi | Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty |
| 1236 | Razia Sultana ascends the throne Political | Delhi | Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty |
| 1240 |
Razia Sultana deposed and killed Decline / collapse
Power passed to the Turkish nobles known as the 'Forty'. |
Kaithal | Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty |
| c. 1250 | Konark Sun Temple built Cultural / religious | Konark | Eastern Ganga Dynasty |
| 1266 | Balban becomes sultan Founding / accession | Delhi | Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty |
| 1279 |
End of the Chola dynasty Decline / collapse
The Pandyas became the dominant Tamil power. |
Thanjavur | Chola Empire |
| 1290 | Khalji revolution Founding / accession | Delhi | Khalji Dynasty |
| 1292 | Marco Polo visits the Pandya coast Cultural / religious | Kayal | Pandya Empire (Second Empire) |
| 1296 | Alauddin Khalji raids Devagiri Battle | Devagiri | Khalji Dynasty |
| 1296 |
Alauddin Khalji becomes sultan Founding / accession
He had his uncle Jalaluddin murdered. |
Delhi | Khalji Dynasty |
| 1299 |
Mongols defeated at Kili Battle
Alauddin Khalji's army repelled Qutlugh Khwaja's Mongol invasion. |
Kili, near Delhi | Khalji Dynasty |
14th century CE · 18
| 1301 |
Alauddin Khalji takes Ranthambore Conquest / annexation
Hammiradeva Chauhan was killed. |
Ranthambore | Khalji Dynasty |
| 1303 |
Siege of Chittorgarh Battle
Alauddin Khalji takes Chittor. Chittor fell to Alauddin Khalji after a long siege. |
Chittorgarh | Khalji Dynasty |
| 1310 |
Malik Kafur takes Warangal Conquest / annexation
The Kakatiya ruler Prataparudra became a tributary of Delhi. |
Warangal | Khalji Dynasty |
| 1311 |
Malik Kafur's southern campaign reaches Madurai Conquest / annexation
The Pandya capital was plundered and its treasure carried to Delhi. |
Madurai | Khalji Dynasty |
| 1316 |
Death of Alauddin Khalji Decline / collapse
Malik Kafur briefly seized power; the Khaljis fell four years later. |
Delhi | Khalji Dynasty |
| 1320 | Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq founds the Tughlaq dynasty Founding / accession | Delhi | Tughlaq Dynasty |
| 1323 |
Fall of the Kakatiyas Conquest / annexation
Warangal was annexed and the Kakatiya dynasty ended. |
Warangal | Tughlaq Dynasty |
| 1327 |
Capital shifted to Daulatabad Political
Muhammad bin Tughlaq's transfer of capital. The move caused great hardship and was reversed within a few years. |
Daulatabad | Tughlaq Dynasty |
| c. 1329 |
Muhammad bin Tughlaq issues token currency Political
Brass and copper coins were to pass at the value of silver. Widespread forgery forced the coins to be withdrawn. |
Delhi | Tughlaq Dynasty |
| 1334 | Ibn Battuta arrives in Delhi Cultural / religious | Delhi | Tughlaq Dynasty |
| 1336 |
Vijayanagara founded Founding / accession
By Harihara I and Bukka Raya I. |
Hampi | Sangama Dynasty |
| 1343 | Ibn Battuta serves as qadi in the Maldives Cultural / religious | Malé | Sultanate of the Maldives |
| 1347 | Bahmani Sultanate founded Founding / accession | Gulbarga | Bahmani Sultanate |
| 1351 | Firuz Shah Tughlaq becomes sultan Founding / accession | Delhi | Tughlaq Dynasty |
| 1352 | Ilyas Shah unifies Bengal Founding / accession | Pandua | Bengal Sultanate |
| 1378 |
Vijayanagara annexes the Madurai Sultanate Conquest / annexation
Kumara Kampana's campaign ended the Madurai Sultanate. |
Madurai | Sangama Dynasty |
| 1382 | Jayasthiti Malla's reforms in Nepal Political | Kathmandu | Malla Dynasty of Nepal |
| 1398 |
Timur sacks Delhi Battle
Delhi was devastated and the Tughlaq sultanate never recovered. |
Delhi | Tughlaq Dynasty |
15th century CE · 15
| 1407 | Gujarat Sultanate becomes independent Founding / accession | Patan | Gujarat Sultanate |
| 1411 | Ahmedabad founded Founding / accession | Ahmedabad | Gujarat Sultanate |
| 1412 | Parakramabahu VI unifies Sri Lanka from Kotte Founding / accession | Kotte | Kingdom of Kotte |
| 1414 | Khizr Khan founds the Sayyid dynasty Founding / accession | Delhi | Sayyid Dynasty |
| 1420 | Nicolò de' Conti visits Vijayanagara Cultural / religious | Hampi | Sangama Dynasty |
| 1443 | Abdur Razzaq's embassy to Vijayanagara Cultural / religious | Hampi | Sangama Dynasty |
| c. 1450 | Kabir's poetry in Varanasi Cultural / religious | Varanasi | |
| c. 1450 | Sixty Dome Mosque at Bagerhat Cultural / religious | Bagerhat | Bengal Sultanate |
| 1451 |
Bahlul Lodi founds the Lodi dynasty Founding / accession
The first Afghan dynasty of Delhi. |
Delhi | Lodi Dynasty |
| 1459 |
Rao Jodha founds Jodhpur Founding / accession
Mehrangarh fort became the Rathore capital. |
Jodhpur | Marwar (Rathore) |
| 1469 |
Birth of Guru Nanak Cultural / religious
Founder of Sikhism. |
Nankana Sahib | |
| c. 1469 | Kingdom of Kandy emerges Founding / accession | Kandy | Kingdom of Kandy |
| 1482 | Nepal valley divides into three Malla kingdoms Political | Kathmandu valley | Malla Dynasty of Nepal |
| 1490 | Bijapur and Ahmadnagar break from the Bahmanis Founding / accession | Bijapur | Bijapur Sultanate (Adil Shahi) |
| 1498 |
Vasco da Gama reaches Calicut Political
Opening of the sea route from Europe to India. The direct sea route from Europe to India was opened. |
Kozhikode | Zamorins of Calicut |
16th century CE · 32
| 1504 |
Sikandar Lodi founds Agra Founding / accession
Agra became the Lodi and later Mughal capital. |
Agra | Lodi Dynasty |
| 1505 | Portuguese reach Sri Lanka Political | Colombo | Kingdom of Kotte |
| 1509 | Krishnadevaraya's accession Founding / accession | Hampi | Tuluva Dynasty |
| 1509 |
Battle of Diu Battle
Portuguese naval victory over a Gujarati-Mamluk fleet. Portuguese naval supremacy in the Arabian Sea was established. |
Diu | Portuguese Estado da Índia |
| 1510 |
Portuguese capture Goa Conquest / annexation
Afonso de Albuquerque takes Goa from Bijapur. Goa became the capital of the Portuguese Estado da Índia until 1961. |
Goa | Portuguese Estado da Índia |
| 1520 |
Krishnadevaraya takes Raichur Battle
Vijayanagara won the Raichur doab from Bijapur. |
Raichur | Tuluva Dynasty |
| 1526 |
First Battle of Panipat Battle
Babur defeats Ibrahim Lodi; the Mughal Empire begins. Ibrahim Lodi was killed and Babur founded the Mughal Empire. |
Panipat | Mughal Empire |
| 1527 |
Battle of Khanwa Battle
Babur defeats Rana Sanga. Babur defeated Rana Sanga's Rajput confederacy, securing Mughal rule in the north. |
Khanwa | Mughal Empire |
| 1529 |
Battle of the Ghaghra Battle
Babur defeated the Afghan chiefs of the east. |
Ghaghra river | Mughal Empire |
| 1530 | Death of Babur; Humayun succeeds Political | Agra | Mughal Empire |
| 1535 | Humayun takes Mandu and Champaner Conquest / annexation | Champaner | Mughal Empire |
| 1539 |
Battle of Chausa Battle
Sher Shah defeats Humayun. Humayun was defeated and escaped by swimming the Ganga. |
Chausa | Sur Empire |
| 1540 |
Battle of Kannauj Battle
Sher Shah Suri defeats Humayun, who goes into exile. Humayun fled into exile and Sher Shah founded the Sur Empire. |
Kannauj | Sur Empire |
| 1541 | Rohtas Fort begun by Sher Shah Cultural / religious | Rohtas | Sur Empire |
| 1545 | Death of Sher Shah at Kalinjar Decline / collapse | Kalinjar | Sur Empire |
| 1555 |
Humayun recovers Delhi (Battle of Sirhind) Battle
Humayun regained his throne from the Surs. |
Sirhind | Mughal Empire |
| 1556 |
Second Battle of Panipat Battle
Akbar's forces defeat Hemu. Hemu was captured and killed, securing Akbar's throne. |
Panipat | Mughal Empire |
| 1558 | Portuguese occupy Malé Conquest / annexation | Malé | Portuguese Malé |
| 1559 | Drabya Shah founds the Gorkha kingdom Founding / accession | Gorkha | Gorkha Kingdom |
| 1564 |
Akbar abolishes the jizya Political
Part of Akbar's policy of Sulh-i-kul (peace with all). |
Agra | Mughal Empire |
| 1565 |
Battle of Talikota Battle
Deccan Sultanates defeat Vijayanagara; Hampi sacked. Vijayanagara's army was routed and its capital Hampi was sacked. |
Talikota | Tuluva Dynasty |
| 1568 |
Akbar takes Chittorgarh Battle
Chittor fell and Rana Udai Singh moved his capital to Udaipur. |
Chittorgarh | Mughal Empire |
| 1571 | Fatehpur Sikri founded Founding / accession | Fatehpur Sikri | Mughal Empire |
| 1573 | Akbar conquers Gujarat Conquest / annexation | Ahmedabad | Mughal Empire |
| 1573 |
Muhammad Thakurufaanu frees the Maldives Political
The Portuguese were expelled after fifteen years. |
Malé | Sultanate of the Maldives |
| 1576 |
Battle of Haldighati Battle
Maharana Pratap against Akbar's army under Man Singh. The Mughals held the field but Maharana Pratap escaped to continue resisting. |
Haldighati | Mewar (Sisodia) |
| 1576 |
Battle of Rajmahal: Mughals take Bengal Battle
Daud Khan Karrani was killed and Bengal became a Mughal province. |
Rajmahal | Mughal Empire |
| 1580 |
Akbar organises the empire into subahs Political
The empire was divided into twelve provinces with uniform administration. |
Fatehpur Sikri | Mughal Empire |
| 1582 | Akbar's Din-i-Ilahi Cultural / religious | Fatehpur Sikri | Mughal Empire |
| 1586 | Mughals annex Kashmir Conquest / annexation | Srinagar | Mughal Empire |
| 1591 | Charminar built Cultural / religious | Hyderabad | Golconda Sultanate (Qutb Shahi) |
| 1600 |
East India Company chartered Founding / accession
Royal charter granted in London on 31 December 1600. |
British East India Company |
17th century CE · 33
| 1601 | Asirgarh falls to Akbar Conquest / annexation | Asirgarh | Mughal Empire |
| 1602 | Dutch East India Company (VOC) founded Founding / accession | Dutch East India Company (VOC) in India | |
| 1604 | Adi Granth installed at Harmandir Sahib Cultural / religious | Amritsar | |
| 1605 | Death of Akbar Political | Agra | Mughal Empire |
| 1606 |
Execution of Guru Arjan Dev Political
Sikhism began to take on a militant character under Guru Hargobind. |
Lahore | Mughal Empire |
| 1611 |
English factory at Masulipatnam Founding / accession
The Company's first factory on the east coast. |
Machilipatnam | British East India Company |
| 1612 |
Battle of Swally Battle
English defeat the Portuguese; Surat factory follows. The English defeated the Portuguese and won trading rights at Surat. |
Suvali near Surat | British East India Company |
| 1615 | Sir Thomas Roe at Jahangir's court Political | Ajmer | Mughal Empire |
| 1616 | Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal arrives in Bhutan Founding / accession | Punakha | Bhutan under the Zhabdrung (Druk Desi) |
| 1628 | Shah Jahan becomes emperor Founding / accession | Agra | Mughal Empire |
| 1632 | Taj Mahal construction begins Cultural / religious | Agra | Mughal Empire |
| 1639 | Fort St George founded at Madras Founding / accession | Chennai | Fort St George, Madras |
| 1646 | Last Vijayanagara stronghold falls Decline / collapse | Chandragiri | Aravidu Dynasty |
| 1648 | Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi) inaugurated Founding / accession | Delhi | Mughal Empire |
| 1653 | Taj Mahal completed Cultural / religious | Agra | Mughal Empire |
| 1656 |
Dutch take Colombo from the Portuguese Conquest / annexation
Portuguese rule in Sri Lanka ended by 1658. |
Colombo | Dutch Ceylon |
| 1658 | Aurangzeb becomes emperor Political | Delhi | Mughal Empire |
| 1659 |
Shivaji kills Afzal Khan at Pratapgad Battle
Bijapur's army was routed and Shivaji's power grew. |
Pratapgad | |
| 1661 |
Bombay passes to England Treaty
Part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry. |
Mumbai | Portuguese Bassein & Bombay |
| 1664 | Shivaji sacks Surat Battle | Surat | |
| 1665 |
Treaty of Purandar Treaty
Shivaji ceded 23 forts to the Mughals and agreed to attend Aurangzeb's court. |
Purandar | |
| 1666 | Shivaji escapes from Agra Political | Agra | |
| 1671 |
Battle of Saraighat Battle
Lachit Borphukan's Ahom forces defeat the Mughal fleet on the Brahmaputra. The Ahoms defeated the Mughals, keeping Assam independent. |
Saraighat, Guwahati | Ahom Kingdom |
| 1674 | Shivaji crowned Chhatrapati Founding / accession | Raigad | Maratha Empire |
| 1675 | Execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur Political | Delhi | Mughal Empire |
| 1679 |
Aurangzeb reimposes the jizya Political
Alienated many Rajput and other subjects. |
Delhi | Mughal Empire |
| 1680 |
Death of Shivaji Decline / collapse
His son Sambhaji succeeded him. |
Raigad | Maratha Empire |
| 1681 | Aurangzeb moves to the Deccan Political | Aurangabad | Mughal Empire |
| 1686 |
Mughals annex Bijapur Conquest / annexation
The Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur ended. |
Bijapur | Mughal Empire |
| 1687 |
Mughals annex Golconda Conquest / annexation
The Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda ended. |
Golconda | Mughal Empire |
| 1689 | Execution of Sambhaji Political | Tulapur | Maratha Empire |
| 1690 |
Job Charnock founds Calcutta Founding / accession
Calcutta grew into the capital of British India. |
Sutanuti | British East India Company |
| 1699 | Guru Gobind Singh founds the Khalsa Cultural / religious | Anandpur Sahib |
18th century CE · 17
| 1707 |
Death of Aurangzeb Political
Beginning of rapid Mughal decline. |
Ahmednagar | Mughal Empire |
| 1708 |
Death of Guru Gobind Singh Decline / collapse
He declared the Guru Granth Sahib the eternal Guru. |
Nanded | |
| 1709 | Mirwais Hotak's revolt at Kandahar Founding / accession | Kandahar | Hotak Dynasty |
| 1713 | Balaji Vishwanath becomes Peshwa Political | Satara | Maratha Empire |
| 1716 | Execution of Banda Singh Bahadur Political | Delhi | Mughal Empire |
| 1717 | Farrukhsiyar's farman to the East India Company Treaty | Delhi | Mughal Empire |
| 1720 | Baji Rao I becomes Peshwa Political | Pune | Maratha Empire |
| 1724 |
Battle of Shakar Kheda: Hyderabad State founded Battle
Nizam-ul-Mulk defeated the Mughal governor and founded Hyderabad State. |
Shakar Kheda | Hyderabad State (Nizams) |
| 1737 | Baji Rao raids Delhi Battle | Delhi | Maratha Empire |
| 1739 |
Nadir Shah sacks Delhi Battle
Peacock Throne and Koh-i-Noor carried off. Delhi was plundered and the Peacock Throne and Koh-i-Noor taken to Persia. |
Karnal / Delhi | Mughal Empire |
| 1741 |
Battle of Colachel Battle
Travancore defeats the Dutch East India Company. Travancore defeated the Dutch, ending Dutch ambitions in Kerala. |
Colachel | Travancore |
| 1742 | Maratha (Bargi) raids on Bengal Battle | Murshidabad | Nawabs of Bengal |
| 1746 | French capture Madras (First Carnatic War) Battle | Chennai | French India |
| 1747 | Ahmad Shah Durrani founds the Durrani Empire Founding / accession | Kandahar | Durrani Empire |
| 1749 |
Battle of Ambur Battle
Anwaruddin Khan was killed; Chanda Sahib, backed by the French, took Arcot. |
Ambur | Carnatic (Nawabs of Arcot) |
| 1751 |
Siege of Arcot Battle
Clive's defence of Arcot turned the Second Carnatic War in Britain's favour. |
Arcot | Carnatic (Nawabs of Arcot) |
| 1757 |
Battle of Plassey Battle
Clive defeats Siraj ud-Daulah; Company rule begins in Bengal. Siraj ud-Daulah was defeated and Mir Jafar became a Company-backed nawab. |
Palashi | British East India Company |