Events
Battles, foundings, treaties and turning points. Click a year to open the map at that moment.
8th century CE · 1
| 712 CE |
Muhammad ibn Qasim conquers Sindh Conquest / annexation
Raja Dahir killed; Sindh joins the Umayyad Caliphate. Raja Dahir was killed and Sindh became an Umayyad province. |
Debal / Aror | Umayyad Caliphate — Sindh province |
9th century CE · 1
| c. 816 CE |
Nagabhata II captures Kannauj Conquest / annexation
Kannauj becomes the Pratihara capital; climax of the tripartite struggle. Kannauj became the Pratihara capital. |
Kannauj | Gurjara-Pratihara Empire |
10th century CE · 2
| c. 993 CE |
Chola invasion of Sri Lanka Conquest / annexation
Anuradhapura was sacked and the Sinhalese capital abandoned. |
Anuradhapura | Chola Empire |
| 1000 |
Mahmud of Ghazni begins his raids on India Conquest / annexation
About seventeen raids followed over 25 years. |
Northwest frontier | Ghaznavid Empire |
11th century CE · 4
| 1017 |
Chola conquest of Sri Lanka completed Conquest / annexation
Northern Sri Lanka became the Chola province of Mummudi-chola-mandalam. |
Anuradhapura / Polonnaruwa | Chola Empire |
| c. 1023 |
Rajendra's Ganga expedition; Gangaikonda Cholapuram founded Conquest / annexation
Chola armies reached the Ganga and a new capital commemorated the victory. |
Gangaikonda Cholapuram | Chola Empire |
| 1025 |
Chola naval expedition to Srivijaya Conquest / annexation
Rajendra I raids Kadaram and the Srivijaya ports. Srivijaya's ports were raided, securing Chola trade routes to China. |
Nagapattinam | Chola Empire |
| 1070 |
Vijayabahu I expels the Cholas from Sri Lanka Conquest / annexation
Sinhalese rule was restored with its capital at Polonnaruwa. |
Polonnaruwa | Polonnaruwa Kingdom |
12th century CE · 2
| 1175 | Muhammad of Ghor takes Multan Conquest / annexation | Multan | Ghurid Empire |
| 1186 |
Ghurids take Lahore, ending the Ghaznavids Conquest / annexation
The last Ghaznavid ruler, Khusrau Malik, was captured. |
Lahore | Ghurid Empire |
13th century CE · 1
| c. 1204 |
Bakhtiyar Khalji takes Nadia Conquest / annexation
Lakshmana Sena fled to east Bengal and Turkish rule began in Bengal. |
Nabadwip | Ghurid Empire |
14th century CE · 5
| 1301 |
Alauddin Khalji takes Ranthambore Conquest / annexation
Hammiradeva Chauhan was killed. |
Ranthambore | Khalji Dynasty |
| 1310 |
Malik Kafur takes Warangal Conquest / annexation
The Kakatiya ruler Prataparudra became a tributary of Delhi. |
Warangal | Khalji Dynasty |
| 1311 |
Malik Kafur's southern campaign reaches Madurai Conquest / annexation
The Pandya capital was plundered and its treasure carried to Delhi. |
Madurai | Khalji Dynasty |
| 1323 |
Fall of the Kakatiyas Conquest / annexation
Warangal was annexed and the Kakatiya dynasty ended. |
Warangal | Tughlaq Dynasty |
| 1378 |
Vijayanagara annexes the Madurai Sultanate Conquest / annexation
Kumara Kampana's campaign ended the Madurai Sultanate. |
Madurai | Sangama Dynasty |
16th century CE · 5
| 1510 |
Portuguese capture Goa Conquest / annexation
Afonso de Albuquerque takes Goa from Bijapur. Goa became the capital of the Portuguese Estado da Índia until 1961. |
Goa | Portuguese Estado da Índia |
| 1535 | Humayun takes Mandu and Champaner Conquest / annexation | Champaner | Mughal Empire |
| 1558 | Portuguese occupy Malé Conquest / annexation | Malé | Portuguese Malé |
| 1573 | Akbar conquers Gujarat Conquest / annexation | Ahmedabad | Mughal Empire |
| 1586 | Mughals annex Kashmir Conquest / annexation | Srinagar | Mughal Empire |
17th century CE · 4
| 1601 | Asirgarh falls to Akbar Conquest / annexation | Asirgarh | Mughal Empire |
| 1656 |
Dutch take Colombo from the Portuguese Conquest / annexation
Portuguese rule in Sri Lanka ended by 1658. |
Colombo | Dutch Ceylon |
| 1686 |
Mughals annex Bijapur Conquest / annexation
The Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur ended. |
Bijapur | Mughal Empire |
| 1687 |
Mughals annex Golconda Conquest / annexation
The Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda ended. |
Golconda | Mughal Empire |