Company rule (1757–1856)

Key events

Key terms

Damin-i-Koh

Land in the Rajmahal hills demarcated by 1832 for the Santhals, who were to settle there as plough cultivators. (NCERT Class 12, Colonialism and the Countryside)

Jhum cultivation

Shifting cultivation on small forest patches, cleared by cutting treetops and burning the vegetation. (NCERT Class 8, Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age)

Mahalwari

A revenue system (from 1822) in which revenue was fixed village by village (mahal) and collected by the village headman. (NCERT Class 8, Ruling the Countryside)

Permanent Settlement

From 1793, the East India Company fixed the revenue each Bengal zamindar had to pay; estates of those who failed to pay were auctioned. (NCERT Class 12, Colonialism and the Countryside)

Ryotwari

A revenue system, as in the Bombay Deccan, in which revenue was settled directly with the ryot (cultivator). (NCERT Class 12, Colonialism and the Countryside)

Subsidiary Alliance

An alliance under which a ruler disbanded his own army, let British troops be stationed in his state and acted on the British Resident's advice — imposed on Awadh in 1801. (NCERT Class 12, Rebels and the Raj)