Textbook
Our Pasts I, II & III (Classes 6–8)
The simplest possible start: short, illustrated and the base of countless exam questions.
Sikh Misls
Confederacy
Level 3
1748 – 1799
Twelve Sikh confederacies that ruled Punjab before Ranjit Singh.
- Capital
- Amritsar
- Region
- North
- Duration
- 51 years
- Main period
- Sikh Empire
Approximate extent.
📚 Recommended reading on the Sikh Misls
Textbook
Themes in Indian History, Parts I–III (Class 12)
Source-based chapters on Harappa, Vijayanagara, the Mughal court and 1857 — essential for UPSC.
Textbook
India and the Contemporary World I & II (Classes 9–10)
Nationalism in Europe and India, the French Revolution and the making of a global world.
Textbook
History of Modern India
The old-NCERT modern India classic, from the decline of the Mughals to independence.
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Contemporaries
Powers that coexisted with the Sikh Misls for a significant part of its history. The bar shows when, within its own span.
Sultanate of the Maldives ★
Islands · c. 1153 – 1968
Overlap: 51 years
Malla Dynasty of Nepal ★
Himalaya · 1201 – 1769
Overlap: 21 years
Ahom Kingdom ★
Northeast · 1228 – 1826
Overlap: 51 years
Mewar (Sisodia) ★
West · 1326 – 1949
Overlap: 51 years
Kingdom of Mysore ★
South · 1399 – 1950
Overlap: 51 years
Kingdom of Kandy ★
Sri Lanka · c. 1469 – 1815
Overlap: 51 years
Portuguese Estado da Índia ★
Coastal · 1505 – 1961
Overlap: 51 years
Mughal Empire ★
North · 1526 – 1857
Overlap: 51 years
British East India Company ★
Pan-Indian · 1600 – 1858
Overlap: 51 years
Maratha Empire ★
Deccan · 1674 – 1818
Overlap: 51 years
Nawabs of Bengal ★
East · 1717 – 1765
Overlap: 17 years
Hyderabad State (Nizams) ★
Deccan · 1724 – 1948
Overlap: 51 years
Zamorins of Calicut
South · c. 1124 – 1766
Overlap: 18 years
Kachwahas of Amber (Jaipur)
West · c. 1128 – 1949
Overlap: 51 years
Marwar (Rathore)
West · c. 1226 – 1949
Overlap: 51 years
Koch Kingdom (Kamata / Cooch Behar)
Northeast · 1515 – 1949
Overlap: 51 years
Portuguese Diu
Coastal · 1535 – 1961
Overlap: 51 years
Portuguese Daman
Coastal · 1559 – 1961
Overlap: 51 years
Gorkha Kingdom
Himalaya · 1559 – 1768
Overlap: 20 years
Dutch East India Company (VOC) in India
Coastal · 1605 – 1825
Overlap: 51 years
Dutch Coromandel (Pulicat)
Coastal · 1610 – 1825
Overlap: 51 years
Bhutan under the Zhabdrung (Druk Desi)
Himalaya · 1616 – 1907
Overlap: 51 years
Danish India
Coastal · 1620 – 1869
Overlap: 51 years
Danish Tranquebar
Coastal · 1620 – 1845
Overlap: 51 years
Fort St George, Madras
Coastal · 1639 – 1858
Overlap: 51 years
Dutch Chinsurah
Coastal · 1656 – 1825
Overlap: 51 years
Dutch Ceylon
Sri Lanka · 1658 – 1796
Overlap: 48 years
Dutch Malabar (Cochin)
Coastal · 1663 – 1795
Overlap: 47 years
French India
Coastal · 1668 – 1954
Overlap: 51 years
Bombay (English East India Company)
Coastal · 1668 – 1858
Overlap: 51 years
Chandernagore
Coastal · 1673 – 1950
Overlap: 51 years
Pondichéry
Coastal · 1674 – 1954
Overlap: 51 years
Carnatic (Nawabs of Arcot)
South · 1692 – 1855
Overlap: 51 years
Gaekwad State (Baroda)
West · 1721 – 1949
Overlap: 51 years
Rohilkhand
Gangetic Plain · 1721 – 1774
Overlap: 26 years
Mahé
Coastal · 1721 – 1954
Overlap: 51 years
Jat Kingdom of Bharatpur
North · 1722 – 1947
Overlap: 51 years
Awadh (Nawabs of Oudh)
Gangetic Plain · 1722 – 1856
Overlap: 51 years
Travancore
South · 1729 – 1949
Overlap: 51 years
Holkar State (Indore)
Central · 1731 – 1948
Overlap: 51 years