Primary source / classic
A Forgotten Empire: Vijayanagar
Includes translations of the Portuguese travellers Paes and Nuniz on Vijayanagara.
Sangama Dynasty
Dynasty
Level 3
Dynastic phase
1336 – 1485
Founders Harihara I and Bukka Raya I; Deva Raya II.
- Region
- South
- Duration
- 149 years
- Main period
- Vijayanagara Empire
- Part of
- Vijayanagara Empire
At a glance
Move along the chart to read any year; click a ruler or event to open the map there.
Rulers
- Harihara I Raya1336 – 1356
- Bukka Raya I Raya1356 – 1377
- Harihara II Raya1377 – 1404
- Deva Raya II Raya1424 – 1446Visited by Abdur Razzaq.
Selected rulers; gaps in the list are not gaps in the dynasty.
Key events
| Year | Event | Place |
|---|---|---|
| 1336 | Vijayanagara founded By Harihara I and Bukka Raya I. |
Hampi |
| 1378 | Vijayanagara annexes the Madurai Sultanate Kumara Kampana's campaign ended the Madurai Sultanate. |
Madurai |
| 1420 | Nicolò de' Conti visits Vijayanagara | Hampi |
| 1443 | Abdur Razzaq's embassy to Vijayanagara | Hampi |
Personalities
Vidyaranya
active c. 1340
Sage traditionally linked to the founding of Vijayanagara
Nicolò de' Conti
1395 – 1469
Venetian merchant who visited Vijayanagara around 1420
Annamacharya
c. 1408 – c. 1503
Telugu composer of devotional songs to Venkateswara
Abdur Razzaq
1413 – 1482
Persian envoy who described Vijayanagara under Deva Raya II
📚 Recommended reading on the Sangama Dynasty
Textbook
Themes in Indian History, Parts I–III (Class 12)
Source-based chapters on Harappa, Vijayanagara, the Mughal court and 1857 — essential for UPSC.
Textbook
History of Medieval India
The go-to single volume on the Sultanate, Mughals and regional kingdoms.
Reference
A History of South India
The classic survey of the south, from prehistory to the fall of Vijayanagara.
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📄 Research papers
Paper🏛 Library access
Inscribing the Other, Inscribing the Self: Hindu-Muslim Identities in Pre-Colonial India
Uses Andhra inscriptions to show how identities were described in the Kakatiya and Sultanate era.
Paper🏛 Library access
The Formation of Chinese Maritime Networks to Southern Asia, 1200–1450
Indian Ocean trade between China and South India, including Zheng He's voyages to Calicut.
Paper🏛 Library access
🇮🇳 Indian scholarship
The temple and the state in medieval South India
The temple as landholder, bank and seat of royal legitimacy under the Cholas and after.
Contemporaries
Powers that coexisted with the Sangama Dynasty for a significant part of its history. The bar shows when, within its own span.
Sultanate of the Maldives ★
Islands · c. 1153 – 1968
Overlap: 149 years
Malla Dynasty of Nepal ★
Himalaya · 1201 – 1769
Overlap: 149 years
Delhi Sultanate ★
North · 1206 – 1526
Overlap: 149 years
Ahom Kingdom ★
Northeast · 1228 – 1826
Overlap: 149 years
Mewar (Sisodia) ★
West · 1326 – 1949
Overlap: 149 years
Vijayanagara Empire ★
South · 1336 – 1646
Overlap: 149 years
Bahmani Sultanate ★
Deccan · 1347 – 1527
Overlap: 138 years
Kingdom of Mysore ★
South · 1399 – 1950
Overlap: 86 years
Eastern Ganga Dynasty
East · c. 1078 – 1434
Overlap: 98 years
Khasa Malla Kingdom
Himalaya · c. 1100 – c. 1400
Overlap: 64 years
Zamorins of Calicut
South · c. 1124 – 1766
Overlap: 149 years
Kachwahas of Amber (Jaipur)
West · c. 1128 – 1949
Overlap: 149 years
Jaffna Kingdom
Sri Lanka · c. 1215 – 1619
Overlap: 149 years
Marwar (Rathore)
West · c. 1226 – 1949
Overlap: 149 years
Madurai Sultanate
South · 1335 – 1378
Overlap: 42 years
Kashmir Sultanate
North · 1339 – 1586
Overlap: 146 years
Samma Dynasty
Northwest · 1351 – 1524
Overlap: 134 years
Bengal Sultanate
East · 1352 – 1576
Overlap: 133 years
Timurid Empire (Herat)
Northwest · 1370 – 1507
Overlap: 115 years
Malwa Sultanate
Central · 1392 – 1562
Overlap: 93 years
Jaunpur (Sharqi) Sultanate
Gangetic Plain · 1394 – 1479
Overlap: 85 years
Gujarat Sultanate
West · 1407 – 1573
Overlap: 78 years
Kingdom of Kotte
Sri Lanka · 1412 – 1597
Overlap: 73 years
Gajapati Kingdom
East · 1434 – 1541
Overlap: 51 years