Textbook
History of Modern India
The old-NCERT modern India classic, from the decline of the Mughals to independence.
Satyendra Nath Bose
Scientist / mathematician
British Raj (Crown Rule)
1894 – 1974
Physicist of Bose-Einstein statistics.
Rulers of the time
Kujula Kadphises
Emperor, Kushan Empire · c. 30 CE – c. 80 CE
Vima Taktu
Emperor, Kushan Empire · c. 80 CE – c. 95 CE
Huvishka
Emperor, Kushan Empire · c. 150 CE – c. 190 CE
Yajna Sri Satakarni
King, Satavahana Empire · c. 170 CE – c. 199 CE
Vasudeva I
Emperor, Kushan Empire · c. 190 CE – c. 230 CE
Sri Gupta
Maharaja, Gupta Empire · c. 240 CE – c. 280 CE
Mahasena
King, Anuradhapura Kingdom · c. 274 CE – c. 301 CE
Ghatotkacha
Maharaja, Gupta Empire · c. 280 CE – c. 319 CE
Chandragupta I
Maharajadhiraja, Gupta Empire · c. 319 CE – c. 335 CE
Samudragupta
Maharajadhiraja, Gupta Empire · c. 335 CE – c. 375 CE
Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya)
Maharajadhiraja, Gupta Empire · c. 375 CE – c. 415 CE
Kumaragupta I
Maharajadhiraja, Gupta Empire · c. 415 CE – c. 455 CE
Skandagupta
Maharajadhiraja, Gupta Empire · c. 455 CE – c. 467 CE
Dhatusena
King, Anuradhapura Kingdom · c. 455 CE – c. 473 CE
Budhagupta
Maharajadhiraja, Gupta Empire · c. 477 CE – c. 495 CE
Kashyapa I
King, Anuradhapura Kingdom · c. 477 CE – c. 495 CE
Pulakeshin I
King, Chalukyas of Badami · c. 543 CE – c. 566 CE
Kirtivarman I
King, Chalukyas of Badami · c. 566 CE – c. 597 CE
Simhavishnu
King, Pallava Dynasty · c. 575 CE – c. 600 CE
Prabhakaravardhana
King, Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) Dynasty · c. 580 CE – c. 605 CE
Mangalesha
King, Chalukyas of Badami · c. 597 CE – c. 609 CE
Mahendravarman I
King, Pallava Dynasty · c. 600 CE – c. 630 CE
Rajyavardhana
King, Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) Dynasty · 605 CE – 606 CE
Harshavardhana
Emperor, Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) Dynasty · 606 CE – 647 CE
Events in their lifetime
| 1899 | Birsa Munda's Ulgulan Birsa died in custody in 1900; the Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act followed in 1908. |
| 1905 | Swadeshi movement launched Boycott of British goods and promotion of Indian industry. |
| 1905 | Partition of Bengal It triggered the Swadeshi movement and was annulled in 1911. |
| 1906 | All-India Muslim League founded |
| 1907 | Ugyen Wangchuck becomes first King of Bhutan |
| 1907 | Surat split of the Congress The Congress divided into Moderates and Extremists. |
| 1908 | Khudiram Bose executed |
| 1909 | Morley-Minto Reforms Separate electorates for Muslims were introduced. |
| 1911 | Capital moved from Calcutta to Delhi |
| 1916 | Lucknow Pact The Congress and the Muslim League agreed on joint constitutional demands. |
| 1919 | Third Anglo-Afghan War; Afghan independence The Treaty of Rawalpindi recognised Afghanistan's control of its foreign affairs. |
| 1919 | Jallianwala Bagh massacre Nationwide outrage followed and Tagore renounced his knighthood. |
| 1919 | Rowlatt Act Gandhi called a nationwide Rowlatt Satyagraha. |
| 1928 | Simon Commission boycotted Lala Lajpat Rai died after a police lathi-charge. |
| 1930 | Salt March to Dandi Gandhi broke the salt law, launching the Civil Disobedience Movement. |
| 1931 | Execution of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru |
| 1942 | Quit India Movement Congress leaders were jailed, but the movement showed British rule was untenable. |
| 1943 | Bengal famine |
| 1947 | Pakistan comes into being |
| 1947 | Independence and Partition India and Pakistan became independent dominions amid mass migration and violence. |
| 1947 | Mountbatten Plan British India was to be partitioned into India and Pakistan. |
| 1948 | Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi |
| 1948 | Ceylon becomes independent |
| 1950 | Constitution comes into force India became a republic with Rajendra Prasad as its first President. |
| 1952 | Bengali Language Movement |
| 1956 | States Reorganisation Act States were reorganised largely on linguistic lines into 14 states and 6 union territories. |
| 1961 | Goa liberated Portuguese rule ended and Goa, Daman and Diu joined India. |
| 1965 | Maldives becomes independent |
| 1971 | Independence of Bangladesh |
| 1971 | Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Pakistan's Eastern Command surrendered on 16 December 1971. |
Contemporaries
Dadabhai Naoroji
1825 – 1917
The 'Grand Old Man of India' who formulated the drain theory
Allan Octavian Hume
1829 – 1912
Retired civil servant who helped found the Indian National Congress
Jamsetji Tata
1839 – 1904
Founder of the Tata Group
W. C. Bonnerjee
1844 – 1906
First President of the Indian National Congress
Annie Besant
1847 – 1933
Theosophist who launched a Home Rule League in 1916
Surendranath Banerjea
1848 – 1925
Founder of the Indian Association in 1876
Raja Ravi Varma
1848 – 1906
Painter of Indian mythological subjects in oils
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
1856 – 1920
Declared 'Swaraj is my birthright' and edited the Kesari
Sree Narayana Guru
1856 – 1928
Kerala reformer who preached 'One caste, one religion, one God'
Bipin Chandra Pal
1858 – 1932
Swadeshi leader, the 'Pal' of Lal-Bal-Pal
Pandita Ramabai
1858 – 1922
Scholar who founded the Mukti Mission for women
Jagadish Chandra Bose
1858 – 1937
Pioneer of radio science and plant physiology
Rabindranath Tagore
1861 – 1941
First Asian Nobel laureate (Literature, 1913)
Motilal Nehru
1861 – 1931
Author of the Nehru Report of 1928
Madan Mohan Malaviya
1861 – 1946
Founder of Banaras Hindu University
M. Visvesvaraya
1861 – 1962
Engineer and Diwan of Mysore whose birthday is Engineers' Day
Prafulla Chandra Ray
1861 – 1944
Chemist who founded Bengal Chemicals
Lala Lajpat Rai
1865 – 1928
'Punjab Kesari' who died after a lathi-charge during the Simon Commission protest
Gopal Krishna Gokhale
1866 – 1915
Moderate leader and Gandhi's political mentor
Mahatma Gandhi
1869 – 1948
Leader of non-violent satyagraha against British rule
Kasturba Gandhi
1869 – 1944
Satyagrahi and wife of Mahatma Gandhi
Matangini Hazra
c. 1869 – c. 1942
'Gandhi Buri', shot while leading a Quit India procession
Chittaranjan Das
1870 – 1925
'Deshbandhu' who co-founded the Swaraj Party
Sri Aurobindo
1872 – 1950
Revolutionary turned yogi-philosopher of Pondicherry
📚 Recommended reading
Textbook
A Brief History of Modern India
The most-used exam book for modern India; dense, well organised and revision-friendly.
Reference
India's Struggle for Independence
The standard narrative of the national movement from 1857 to 1947.
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