Reference
A History of South India
The classic survey of the south, from prehistory to the fall of Vijayanagara.
Marco Polo
Traveller / envoy
Pandya Empire (Second Empire)
1254 – 1324
Venetian traveller who described the Pandya coast.
Their world
Move along the chart to see their age in any year, who ruled and what happened; click anything to open it.
The map shows Pandya Empire (Second Empire) around their lifetime and where the events of their lifetime took place.
Hover a dot for the event; click it to open the full map in that year.
Rulers of the time
Kujula Kadphises
Emperor, Kushan Empire · c. 30 CE – c. 80 CE
Vima Taktu
Emperor, Kushan Empire · c. 80 CE – c. 95 CE
Vima Kadphises
Emperor, Kushan Empire · c. 95 CE – c. 127 CE
Gautamiputra Satakarni
King, Satavahana Empire · c. 106 CE – c. 130 CE
Kanishka I
Emperor, Kushan Empire · c. 127 CE – c. 150 CE
Vasishthiputra Pulumavi
King, Satavahana Empire · c. 130 CE – c. 159 CE
Huvishka
Emperor, Kushan Empire · c. 150 CE – c. 190 CE
Yajna Sri Satakarni
King, Satavahana Empire · c. 170 CE – c. 199 CE
Vasudeva I
Emperor, Kushan Empire · c. 190 CE – c. 230 CE
Sri Gupta
Maharaja, Gupta Empire · c. 240 CE – c. 280 CE
Mahasena
King, Anuradhapura Kingdom · c. 274 CE – c. 301 CE
Ghatotkacha
Maharaja, Gupta Empire · c. 280 CE – c. 319 CE
Chandragupta I
Maharajadhiraja, Gupta Empire · c. 319 CE – c. 335 CE
Samudragupta
Maharajadhiraja, Gupta Empire · c. 335 CE – c. 375 CE
Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya)
Maharajadhiraja, Gupta Empire · c. 375 CE – c. 415 CE
Kumaragupta I
Maharajadhiraja, Gupta Empire · c. 415 CE – c. 455 CE
Skandagupta
Maharajadhiraja, Gupta Empire · c. 455 CE – c. 467 CE
Dhatusena
King, Anuradhapura Kingdom · c. 455 CE – c. 473 CE
Budhagupta
Maharajadhiraja, Gupta Empire · c. 477 CE – c. 495 CE
Kashyapa I
King, Anuradhapura Kingdom · c. 477 CE – c. 495 CE
Pulakeshin I
King, Chalukyas of Badami · c. 543 CE – c. 566 CE
Kirtivarman I
King, Chalukyas of Badami · c. 566 CE – c. 597 CE
Simhavishnu
King, Pallava Dynasty · c. 575 CE – c. 600 CE
Prabhakaravardhana
King, Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) Dynasty · c. 580 CE – c. 605 CE
Events in their lifetime
| 1266 | Balban becomes sultan |
| 1279 | End of the Chola dynasty The Pandyas became the dominant Tamil power. |
| 1290 | Khalji revolution |
| 1292 | Marco Polo visits the Pandya coast |
| 1296 | Alauddin Khalji becomes sultan |
| 1296 | Alauddin Khalji raids Devagiri |
| 1299 | Mongols defeated at Kili Alauddin Khalji's army repelled Qutlugh Khwaja's Mongol invasion. |
| 1301 | Alauddin Khalji takes Ranthambore Hammiradeva Chauhan was killed. |
| 1303 | Siege of Chittorgarh Chittor fell to Alauddin Khalji after a long siege. |
| 1310 | Malik Kafur takes Warangal The Kakatiya ruler Prataparudra became a tributary of Delhi. |
| 1311 | Malik Kafur's southern campaign reaches Madurai The Pandya capital was plundered and its treasure carried to Delhi. |
| 1316 | Death of Alauddin Khalji Malik Kafur briefly seized power; the Khaljis fell four years later. |
| 1320 | Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq founds the Tughlaq dynasty |
| 1323 | Fall of the Kakatiyas Warangal was annexed and the Kakatiya dynasty ended. |
Contemporaries
Sorted by how long their lives overlapped. The bar shows when, within Marco Polo’s life.
Nizamuddin Auliya
Saint / religious leader · 1238 – 1325
Chishti Sufi saint of Delhi
Overlap: 70 years
Amir Khusrau
Poet / writer · 1253 – 1325
Persian poet-musician called the 'Parrot of India'
Overlap: 70 years
Madhvacharya
Philosopher · c. 1238 – c. 1317
Founder of the Dvaita school of Vedanta
Overlap: 63 years
Namdev
Saint / religious leader · c. 1270 – c. 1350
Marathi saint of the Varkari tradition
Overlap: 54 years
Araniko
Artist / musician · 1245 – 1306
Newar artist-architect who worked at Kublai Khan's court
Overlap: 52 years
Ziauddin Barani
Scholar / historian · c. 1285 – c. 1357
Historian who wrote the Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi
Overlap: 39 years
Minhaj-i-Siraj
Scholar / historian · active c. 1260
Historian who wrote the Tabaqat-i-Nasiri
Overlap: 36 years
Dnyaneshwar
Saint / religious leader · c. 1275 – c. 1296
Author of the Dnyaneshwari, a Marathi commentary on the Gita
Overlap: 21 years
Ibn Battuta
Traveller / envoy · c. 1304 – c. 1369
Moroccan traveller who served as qadi of Delhi under Muhammad bin Tughlaq
Overlap: 20 years
Vidyaranya
Saint / religious leader · active c. 1340
Sage traditionally linked to the founding of Vijayanagara
Overlap: 14 years
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