🃏 Census 2011 languages

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Census 2011: how many languages? — 121 (22 Scheduled + 99 non-scheduled), from 19,569 raw mother-tongue names → 1,369 mother tongues; 270 had 10,000+ speakers.

Hindi — speakers in 2011? — 52,83,47,193 (43.63%), rank 1; Indo-Aryan

Bengali — speakers in 2011? — 9,72,37,669 (8.03%), rank 2; Indo-Aryan

Marathi — speakers in 2011? — 8,30,26,680 (6.86%), rank 3; Indo-Aryan

Telugu — speakers in 2011? — 8,11,27,740 (6.70%), rank 4; Dravidian

Tamil — speakers in 2011? — 6,90,26,881 (5.70%), rank 5; Dravidian

Gujarati — speakers in 2011? — 5,54,92,554 (4.58%), rank 6; Indo-Aryan

Urdu — speakers in 2011? — 5,07,72,631 (4.19%), rank 7; Indo-Aryan

Kannada — speakers in 2011? — 4,37,06,512 (3.61%), rank 8; Dravidian

Odia — speakers in 2011? — 3,75,21,324 (3.10%), rank 9; Indo-Aryan

Malayalam — speakers in 2011? — 3,48,38,819 (2.88%), rank 10; Dravidian

Punjabi — speakers in 2011? — 3,31,24,726 (2.74%), rank 11; Indo-Aryan

Assamese — speakers in 2011? — 1,53,11,351 (1.26%), rank 12; Indo-Aryan

Maithili — speakers in 2011? — 1,35,83,464 (1.12%), rank 13; Indo-Aryan

Santali — speakers in 2011? — 73,68,192 (0.61%), rank 14; Austro-Asiatic

Kashmiri — speakers in 2011? — 67,97,587 (0.56%), rank 15; Indo-Aryan

Nepali — speakers in 2011? — 29,26,168 (0.24%), rank 16; Indo-Aryan

Sindhi — speakers in 2011? — 27,72,264 (0.23%), rank 17; Indo-Aryan

Dogri — speakers in 2011? — 25,96,767 (0.21%), rank 18; Indo-Aryan

Konkani — speakers in 2011? — 22,56,502 (0.19%), rank 19; Indo-Aryan

Manipuri — speakers in 2011? — 17,61,079 (0.15%), rank 20; Tibeto-Burmese

Bodo — speakers in 2011? — 14,82,929 (0.12%), rank 21; Tibeto-Burmese

Sanskrit — speakers in 2011? — 24,821 (0.00%), rank 22; Indo-Aryan

Indo-Aryan family (2011)? — 21 languages, 94,50,52,555 speakers (78.05%)

Iranian family (2011)? — 1 languages, 21,677 speakers (0.0%)

Germanic family (2011)? — 1 languages, 2,59,678 speakers (0.02%)

Dravidian family (2011)? — 17 languages, 23,78,40,116 speakers (19.64%)

Austro-Asiatic family (2011)? — 14 languages, 1,34,93,080 speakers (1.11%)

Tibeto-Burmese family (2011)? — 66 languages, 1,22,57,382 speakers (1.01%)

Semito-Hamitic family (2011)? — 1 languages, 54,947 speakers (0.0%)